推荐回答(1个)
一、调整日粮结构
1.调整配方营养水平。高温季节,鸡采食量下降,蛋白质摄取不足会直接影响产蛋量。蛋鸡只代谢蛋白质时产生的热增耗较多,因此,不能靠单纯提高日粮蛋白质含量来弥补,应在保证营养需求的前提下,采取改喂低蛋白日粮适当补加必需氨基酸(尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸)和提高蛋白质利用率的饲养方法来保证鸡只对蛋白质的需求,同时添加1%~3%的植物油以提高能量水平。并根据鸡的采食量减少情况,适当调整饲料中钙、磷的比例,一般增加5%~10%。有条件的鸡场可用质量可靠的贝粉替代石粉,贝粉中除含钙外,还含有少量的氨基酸多糖,有促进采食及助消化的作用。另外,日粮中维生素E、维生素C、维生素K以及生物素、核黄素的含量也要相应提高。最好定期测定鸡的采食量,根据实际采集量调整日粮营养水平,以满足蛋鸡生产的需要。
2.使用天然饲料。合理地选择天然饲料,不仅可以有效预防热应激,确保产蛋鸡安全度夏,而且不会增加饲料生产成本,不会有药残及耐药菌株产生的问题。①大蒜:天然大蒜(带皮)捣碎直接按1%~2%的比例添加在产蛋鸡的饲料中。大蒜素(精油)对许多有害菌、病毒、寄生虫有抑制或杀灭作用,特别是对菌痢和肠炎有较好的疗效,并有促进采食、助消化、促进产蛋、改善产品风味和防止饲料发霉的作用。另外,大蒜素可与维生素B1结合,增加有效维生素B1的吸收,还对动物免疫系统有激活作用。②生石膏:将生石膏研成细末,按饲料总量的0.3%~1%混饲,有解热消炎、清胃火之功效,可有效预防热应激的产生。
二、调整饲喂方法
改变饲喂时间,增加饲喂次数,以增加鸡的采食量。每天喂5次,在4:00~5:00开灯后10~15分钟,上第一次料;至11:00之前喂3次;11:00~12:00可适当加喂一些适口性好的瓜类或多汁饲料;13:00~15:00停止喂料,以尽量减少鸡的活动;15:00之后喂2次,其中最后一次供料一般在17:00~18:00。
三、降低饲养密度
适当降低鸡群密度,可降低舍温,改善采食、饮水时的拥挤情况。笼养蛋鸡以每只0.4平方米;每笼3只为宜;平养蛋鸡以每平方米3~5只,每群250只为宜。
四、供给充足饮水
鸡没有汗腺,通过呼吸来散发体热。高温环 境下,鸡的呼吸加快,鸡体的水分蒸发量加大,饮水量也随之增加。因此,高温季节必须供给鸡只充足的、清凉洁净的饮水,白天应保证水槽中清凉洁净的饮水长流不断;使用乳头式饮水器时,应每隔1小时左右,在水管末端放1次水,以保持水管内的饮用水有较低的温度。
五、药物预防
高温季节,可在饲料或饮水中适当添加抗热应激的药物。
1.添加口服补液盐。口服补液盐含有生命活动必需的钠、钾等成分,可调节酸碱平衡,维持血钾浓度(防止低血钾),防止脱水;同时,可使鸡的排泄量加大而带走大量热量,在一定程度上缓解高温环境的不利影响。
2.中药。大青叶、苦参各30克,白茅根、香薷、白术、连翘各20克,石膏100克,研细后拌入100千克饲料中喂鸡,既清热解毒,又抗应激,有利于鸡多产蛋。
3. 卵管康。大肠杆菌,沙门氏菌,等引起的输卵管炎,卵巢炎,卵黄性腹膜炎等多种生殖系统疾病。预防生殖系统疾病的发生,使蛋禽提前进入高峰期, 延长高峰期时间,蛋壳厚重,色泽鲜亮。初产母鸡可预防脱肛畸形蛋的发生。
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