推荐回答(5个)
《墨子·鲁问篇》说,战国时期(公元前476~前221年)公输般曾用竹子和木材制成木鹊,纵飞上天。《韩非子·外储篇》说墨子曾作过木鸢,西汉《淮南子》也载有鲁班(即公输般)和墨子制木鸟飞天之事。东汉(公元25~220年)王充著的《论衡·儒增篇》也提到木鸟飞天的可能性。南北朝时宋(公元420~479年)范晔著《后汉书·张衡传》记载:张衡(公元78~139年)曾作木鸟,身上有翅膀,腹中有机关,能飞数里。唐代苏鹗著《杜阳杂编》中也有类似的记载,不过制作木鸟的人名韩志和。根据这些记载可知,大约从公元前400多年起,古代中国人民就多次用竹、木等材料尝试制作能飞的器械了。
东汉班固(公元32~92年)著的《前汉书》记载,王莽时期(公元9~23年)曾下令征集贤才以抗御匈奴。有人以能飞行窥探匈奴虚实应征,王莽令他试验,此人用鸟羽做成两只翅膀装在身上,并在头和身上连以羽毛,再装上环钮等器件,飞行数百步落地。
据清代著名学者、官居浙江候补盐大使毛祥麟撰《墨余录》卷之九《巧匠》篇记载;元顺帝至正年间 (1341—1367),平江漆工王某,有巧思,能造奇器,曾制造一架“飞车”,两旁有翼,内设机轮,转动则升降自如,上面装置一袋,随风所向,启口吸之,使风力自后而前,鼓翼如挂帆,度山越岭,轻若飞燕,一时可行四百里,愈高飞速愈快。实令观者为之惊叹“真奇制也”。这种带有风袋的飞机,利用自后而前的风力实现飞行,应该也是如同奇肱飞车一般从风远行,可能还不能实现自由驾驶。
另据明代著名文学家、“娄东三风”之一、官居浙江右参政陆容 (1436—1494)著《菽园杂记》记载:明代成化二十二年(1486) 8月12日正午天宇澄霁,皎无纤云。松江城廓之人,见空中一飞舟,从东向西飞行,转而折向东去,最后徐徐盘旋,降落在一座楼上。当时引起一片欢腾,观者塞道。更奇特的这“飞舟”的材料是“茭草所结”,十分轻盈,内部结构,无人知晓。驾驭“飞舟”为何许人,不得而知,观者为之传为奇闻,轰动松江城。这架飞机能逆向转折,徐徐盘旋,已能实现自由驾驶飞翔,具有较高的实用价值。可惜记载过于简略,无从推测知晓其结构、机理。作者陆容官居浙江右参政,其《菽园杂记》所言,应该不是虚构。
明朝的万户。14世纪末期,明朝的士大夫万户把47个自制的火箭绑在椅子上,自己坐在椅子上,双手举着大风筝。设想利用火箭的推力,飞上天空,然后利用风筝平稳着陆。不幸火箭爆炸,万户也为此献出了生命。
明代万户,坐在一个绑有火药的椅子飞上天,但失败身亡,现在在月球的一座环形山以万户的名字命名。
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