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第1个5年计划建设时期,我国开始了汽车、拖拉机等动力机器制造业的建设。1956年7月13日,第1汽车制造厂建成投产,结束了我国不能生产汽车的历史,开始扭转军用汽车完全依靠进口的局面。投产3年即为军队装备3.5吨级42型CA10汽车7145辆,使国产汽车在车辆装备的总数中由零上升到7.52%。1958年一汽试制出2.5吨级66型CA30越野汽车,并投入小批量生产,开始装备部队。几亿人口的大国,几百万军队的大军,数以万计的军用车辆长期依赖进口,对国家、对军队现代化、正规化建设,对部队作战、训练都极为不利。国际国内形势的变化,军队现代化建设的需要,刻不容缓地要求提高我国军用汽车生产能力和技术性能。中央军委科学技术委员会于1961年6月批准成立了军用轮式专业组,统一制定了军用汽车发展规划,组织研制、试验、定型,协调生产。经过两年多的努力,拟定出《军用轮式车辆系列化方案》,经中央军委贺龙、聂荣臻、罗瑞卿等领导同志审批,于1963年5月1日颁发实施。方案确定研制生产0.5吨、1吨、2.5吨、3.5吨、5吨和7吨级的6种军用车辆基本车型。以这6种车型为基础,可发展20多种变型车,改装成若干种专用车,基本达到军用车辆装备系列化、通用化和标准化要求。1963年开始,一机部按照军用车辆系列化方案,在第1汽车制造厂和南京汽车制造厂组织生产1吨、2.5吨和3.5吨级的越野汽车,投资新建了陕西和四川大足3个军用汽车制造厂,生产0.5吨、5吨和7吨级的越野汽车。60年代后期,NJ230和BJ212轻型越野车投产,洛阳拖拉机厂研制的5吨级东方红665越野汽车也经试产,开始装备部队。70年代初期研制的66型SX250、JN252和CQ261越野汽车,并于70年代后期陆续生产装备部队。初步扭转了重型武器牵引车不相匹配,小车拉大炮的状况。1974年,第2汽车制造厂建成EQ240汽车生产线,并生产出3.5吨级EQ245越野汽车。到1980年,国产第1代军用轮式车辆的6种基本车型全部投产。为了实现军车国产系列化方案,从60年代中期开始,国家每年为军队生产补充万余辆汽车,到1980年,全军车辆装备中,国产汽车的比例上升到90%以上。在此期间,海、陆、空军的车辆的装备有了很大改善,炮兵、工程、通信、防化兵部队基本实现了摩托化;步兵改装两个摩托化军,步兵团开始装备汽车,淘汰了部分马车。进入80年代,军队车辆开始更新换代,陆续替换苏式车辆和60年代初装备的旧式国产汽车。
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