大棚种植空心菜比较细是什么原因

2025-02-27 05:46:49
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

大棚种植空心菜比较细主要原因是光照不足和肥水管理不当。

分析:

  1. 光照让有利于空心菜生长,太少会影响植物的光合作用,生长发育。

  2. 生长过程肥水管理不当,也会因为营养不足造成空心菜生长较细,所以要进行生长期的肥水管理。

栽培要点:

  1. 品种应选择优质抗病的新品和适宜当地土壤种植的品种。

  2. 栽培季节大棚栽培基本上可以周年生产、周年供应,为了能获得较高的经济效益,则应安排在10~12月播种,12月至翌年3月上市。

  3. 整地施肥空心菜生长速度快,分枝能力强,需肥水较多,种植时宜施足基肥。

  4. 一般每亩施腐熟有机肥1500~2000公斤、草木灰100公斤,充分与土壤混匀,起成高20厘米、宽130~150厘米的畦(包沟)。

空心菜播种注意事项

  1. 浸种催芽空心菜种子的种皮厚而硬,若直接播种会因温度低而发芽慢,如遇长时间的低温阴雨天气则会引起种子腐烂,因此宜催芽后播种,可用30℃左右的温水浸种18~20小时,然后用纱布包好置于30℃下催芽,当50%~60%的种子露白时即可进行播种。

  2. 播种空心菜可进行撒播或条播,每亩用种量为15~20公斤,撒播后用细土覆盖1厘米厚左右,条播可在畦面上每隔15厘米横挖一条2~3厘米深的浅沟,将种子均匀地撒在浅沟内,再用细土覆盖,然后用遮阳网覆盖畦面,淋水,出苗后即可揭开遮阳网。

温湿度管理:

  1. 冬季大棚栽培时,气温低,湿度大,且持续低温阴雨天气时间长,对喜温的空心菜生长极为不利,因而保温防寒是空心菜反季节栽培的关键。

  2. 播种后,在阳光充足、温度较高时,应加强通风排湿,尽量避免大棚内的温度高于35℃,防止植株发生病害,以保持旺盛生长,提高产量。

  3. 若播种后遇低温天气,应及时密封大棚,棚内温度保持10℃以上,否则会引起冻害。

  4. 大棚内的空气相对湿度在较高温度和阴雨天都可能会达到100%,此时必须及时揭开大棚两端或四周的薄膜进行通风透气。

肥水管理:

  1. 空心菜是多次采收的作物,因此除施足基肥外,必须进行多次追肥才能获得高产。

  2. 苗期可用10%~15%的稀人粪尿淋施,亩用1000~1500公斤。

  3. 当幼苗具3~4片真叶时,用复合肥15~20公斤和尿素2~4公斤混合施用。

  4. 采收期每采收1次追肥1次,每亩施复合肥5~8公斤。

  5. 空心菜需水量较大,应经常浇水以保持畦面湿润。

病虫害防治:

  1. 大棚栽培空心菜主要病害有苗期的猝倒病和茎腐病,是由于气温低、相对湿度过大而引起的,通过降湿可减轻病害的发生,同时防治。

  2. 其主要虫害有螨类和红蜘蛛,可用药物防治。

空心菜采摘时间:

  • 采收一般播种后35~45天,当空心菜植株生长到35厘米高时应及时采收。

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