推荐回答（3个）
也许我不是最好的,但是,我可以发誓,以下是我辛辛苦苦自己整理的,绝对没有半点虚假,连字也是我自己打的~
我绝对没有说谎!!!
初三化学笔记整理
一、基本概念
1.物质的变化： 物理变化：没有其他物质生成的变化—如三态变化等
化学变化：有其他物质生成的变化—如燃烧，金属生锈等
2.物质的性质： 物理性质：不需要发生化学变化就能表现出来—如颜色，状态，气味，熔沸点，硬度，密度，磁性，导电、热性等
化学性质：只有通过化学变化才能表现出来的—如助燃性，可燃性，毒性，
稳定性等
3.元素：具有相同质子数的一类原子叫做元素
分子：保持物质化学信纸的一种微粒
分子是由原子构成的
原子：化学变化中的最小微粒
根本区别：在化学变化中，分子能够再分，而原子不能
微粒的性质： 微粒是真实存在的，体积小，质量轻
微粒在不断做无规则运动
微粒之间有间隙
同种微粒性质相同，不同微粒性质不同
4.化合价：
常见元素的化合价：+1 钾、钠、银、氢、亚铜
+2 钙、镁、铜、钡、锌、亚铁
+3 铁、铝
+4 硅
－1 氟、氯、溴、碘
—2 氧、硫
+2/+4 碳
-2/+4/+6 硫
计算——根据化学式求某一元素化合价:物质中,各元素化合价为0
5.质量守恒定律:参加化学反应的各物质的质量总和,等于反应后生成的各物质的质量总和
6.物质的量---单位:摩尔(mol)
质量(m)=式量(M)*物质的量(n)
微粒个数(N)=阿伏加德罗常数(NA)*物质的量(n)
7.反应类型: 化合反应:A+B C
分解反应:A B+C
置换反应:A+BC B+AC
复分解反应:AB+CD CB+AD
8.氧化还原反应:物质跟氧反应叫做氧化反应’含氧化合物中的氧被夺去的反应叫做还原反应
失氧的物质发生还原反应，作氧化剂，具有氧化性
得氧的物质发生氧化反应，作还原剂，具有还原性
二、物质
1.混合物
①空气:组成: N2 78%---性质稳定，做保护气，化肥
O2 21%---供呼吸，有助燃性，氧化性，实验室制氧气：
固固加热型： 二氧化锰
氯酸钾 氯化钾+氧气
加热
固液不加热型：
过氧化氢 水+氧气
加热
CO2 0.03%---温室效应，不燃烧，不支持燃烧
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