古今中外像肖邦这样的具有爱国情怀的诗人还有不少,如谁谁等?

2025-04-03 14:48:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  音乐和政治素来扯不上关系,但对波兰音乐家来说,音乐的触须与政治的瓜蔓仿佛总是宿命地纠缠在一起。   作为这个时代顶尖的钢琴家,生于波兰的齐默尔曼(Krystian Zimerman)最近在音乐会中途脱口而出:“别染指我的国家(Get your hands off my country)。”震惊整个古典乐界。   他当时在美国洛杉矶迪士尼音乐厅举行独奏会,演至最后一曲,突向观众“呛声”,抗议美国计划在波兰部署飞弹防御系统,并宣布永远退出美国的演出,然后他在争议声中,以波兰作曲家席曼诺夫斯基(Karol Szymanowski)的一首《波兰民谣主题变奏曲》昂然谢幕。   历史上,有强烈政治立场的音乐家并不少见。贝多芬曾撕碎第三交响曲以抵制拿破仑;指挥家托斯卡尼尼曾公开指责法西斯主义;大提琴家卡萨尔斯更是一位捍卫人权的思想家和行动者,以鲜明的反独裁和暴虐而为人所知,不要说有希特勒、墨索里尼、斯大林的地方请不了他,就连同情佛朗哥的地方都在他摒弃之列。   但在演出现场公然表达其政治诉求还是鲜有的,齐默尔曼此举之激烈,未免让人想到其波兰人身份。从萧邦的“花丛中的大炮”,到钢琴家总理帕德雷夫斯基(Ignacy Jan Paderewski),波兰音乐家的强烈民族性和对民族命运的深切忧虑,像是一个永远也斩不断的精神脉络。   拿萧邦来说,他是被波兰人奉为爱国英雄的钢琴诗人,作品带有强烈的民族情感和爱国主义思想,其后半生正值波兰亡国,他流亡在外,但内心仍时刻受故土的命运和忧伤所牵制。   他写了大量的钢琴作品,借此抒发自己的思乡情、亡国恨,以一种贴近波兰土地的音乐形式来表达对一个民族精神的召唤,借以唤起波兰人的集体认同。作为一位文弱的钢琴家,他用他的音乐为同胞募款演出,并在1837年严词拒绝沙俄授予他的“俄国皇帝陛下首席钢琴家”的职位,并向全世界宣告“波兰不会亡”。   萧邦晚年非常孤寂,痛苦地自称自己是“远离母亲的孤儿”,临终嘱咐亲人把自己的心脏运回波兰,永远与祖国母亲埋葬在一起。   看不到波兰复兴,萧邦终身抱憾,但帕德雷夫斯基却等到波兰复国的时刻。这位著名钢琴家也是作曲家,作品曾因宣扬爱国主义而被沙俄当局禁演。1910年,他在一座纪念碑揭幕仪式上发表的演说,被视为波兰人民争取独立的宣言而载入史册。   第一次世界大战期间,帕德雷夫斯基放弃演奏与创作,全身心投入政治活动,并把演奏所得收入,悉数充作波兰战俘救济金。1919年波兰独立,他出任首任波兰总理,不久即退出政坛,为募款重建饱经创伤的祖国而重新以钢琴家身份活跃舞台,始终以国家的命运为自己的命运。   齐默尔曼这次公然对美国表示抗议,固然是受个人的民族主义所驱使,但想深一层,却未尝不是波兰人从萧邦以降的民族宿命,也表达了波兰音乐家内心世界一种对大权霸国的极端敏感和忧国忧民之情。   真正的艺术是真理与人性的化身,因此真正的艺术家对此二者的感受也是最敏锐的。以其艺术天才来支持一种道德理想,不也是一个伟大音乐家应该坚持的精神品质?   行不?

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