在文言文中则的意思

2025-02-06 14:38:21
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

1、作为连词。连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句,表示顺承、转折、因果、假设、并列等关系。

2、作为副词。用在判断句中,表示对动作行为的强调,可按上下文义灵活译出。

3、作为语气词。用在句末,常与疑问代词“何”一起构成“何则”,表示疑问语气。可译为“呢”。

4、作为名词。会意。金文从鼎,从刀。古代的法律条文曾刻铸在鼎上,以便让人遵守。本义:准则,法则。

“则”在文言文中作为虚词,词汇意义比较抽象,但能通过它把实词组织在一起,完成句子结构的词类。在文言文中,虚词的使用频率很高,用法灵活,因此要想提高阅读文言文的能力,就要了解文言虚词的用法和意义。

扩展资料:

文言文中常见是其他虚词:

而:表并列、递进、承接、转折、假设、修饰、因果关系。

且:相当于“啊”

何:什么;怎么样;哪里;多么;为什么;怎么;啊;通“呵”,喝问。

若:如同,像

乎:表疑问;相当于“吗”;表感叹;表祈使或命令,相当于“啊”“呀” 。

所:也

乃 :你,你的;他的;此,这;这样,如此。

其:他(的),她(的),它(的);其中;难道;怎么。

参考资料来源:百度百科-则

参考资料来源:百度百科-文言文

回答2:

一、连词
连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句,表示顺承或转折关系.
1.表示并列关系
这种用法都是两个或两个以上的“则”连用,每个“则”字都用在意思相对、结构相似的一个分句里,表示两个(或两个以上)分句之间是并列关系(不是表示两个词之间).可译为“就”,或不译.
例:⑴位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀.(《师说》)
⑵故木受绳则直,金就砺则利(《荀子·劝学》)
2.表示顺承关系
⑴所连接的后一部分是对前一部分的说明或解释.可译为“有“就是”“就是因为”等,或随上下文义灵活译出.
例:楚得枳而国亡,齐得宋而国亡,齐、楚不得以有枳、宋而事秦者,何也?则有功者,秦之深仇也(《史记·苏秦列传》)
按:“则有功”句:就是因为凡是有功绩的国家,都是秦国刻骨的仇敌.
⑵所连接的前一部分表原因,后一部分表结果,或在事理上有相承关系.可译为“就”“便”等,或随上下文义灵活译出.
例:夫夷以近 ,则游者众;险以远 ,则至者少(王安石《游褒禅山记》)
⑶表示所连接的两项在时间上前后相承.可译为“就”“便”“才”等.
例:登斯楼也,则有心旷神怡,宠辱偕忘,把酒临风,其喜洋洋者矣(《范仲淹·岳阳楼记》)
3.表示转折关系
⑴表示意思有转折时,“则”字用在后一分句,可译为“可是”“反而”“却”;表示姑且承认一件事,预备下句转入正意时,“则”字用在前一分句,可译为“虽然”“倒是”.
例:A.欲速则不达(《论语·子路》)
B.其室则迩,其人甚远.(《诗经·郑风·东门之墠》)
按:B.他家虽在我近旁,人儿却象在远方.
⑵用在由相同的两个词(或词组)构成的复合谓语中,表示让步.可译为“是”“倒是”等.
例:治则治矣,非书意也(《韩非子·外储说左上》)
按:(燕国)治倒是治理好了,但这并不是信的原意啊.
4.表示假设关系.
有的用在前一分句,引出假设的情况,相当于“假使”“如果”;有的用于后面的分句,表示假设或推断的结果,相当于“那么”“就”.
例:⑴入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡.(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)
⑵向吾不为斯役,则久已病矣.(《捕蛇者说》)
按:⑴国内如果没有有法度的世臣和辅助君主的贤士,国外如果没有敌对的国家和外犯的祸害,国家常会因此灭亡.

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