推荐回答(1个)
黄杨木是热带、温带一种非常珍贵的常绿灌木,在我国海拔1300米以下山地有野生分布。其主要分布山东、陕西、甘肃、江苏、江西、湖北、云南、四川等地。由于,黄杨木树种成材时间长,目前资源日渐稀少。
黄杨木的叶片(叶片最长不超过2厘米)【外型特征】 :黄杨科树种有 4 属 100 多种。为常绿灌木或小乔木,高1~3米。树皮灰色,外皮成有规则的剥裂,茎枝均呈四棱,小枝和冬芽的外鳞有短毛。叶对生,革质,圆形或倒卵形至椭圆状披针形,通常中部以上较宽,先端稍凹,基部狭楔形,长1~3厘米,宽7~15毫米,表面有柔毛,背面无毛。在下面中脉的基部和叶柄微有细毛。花单性,雌雄同株,穗状花序腋生;雌花多存于花序上部,花簇生在叶腋或枝条顶端,萼片6,排成2列;雄花的萼片4,有退化子房与萼片等由于黄杨木的生长期长,生长非常缓慢,基本无大料,一般要生长四、五十年才能长到 3—5 米高,直径也不足 5 厘米,直径 20 厘米的黄杨木,要生长500年,所以有 “ 千年难长黄杨木 ” 、 “ 千年黄杨难做拍 ”( 乐器中的一种拍子 ) 的说法。《闲情偶寄》更是记有“黄杨每岁一寸,不溢分毫,至闰年反缩一寸,是天限之命也”。宋苏轼就有诗云:“园中草木春无数,只有黄杨厄闰年”,故有 “ 千年矮 ” 之谓,随着年代的久远,木色会由浅入深,逐趋枣红,适宜精雕细刻,古朴美观。黄杨木以它温润细腻、结实耐用、稀少难求、包浆可人赢得了世人的青睐,一直是文人雅士的把玩之物。
3)黄杨木的木纹特别细腻,肉眼看不到棕眼,用手触摸光洁滑润,是其它木材无可比似的,特别适于雕刻高档工艺品或用来与高档红木搭配镶嵌或加工成极其精细的雕刻作品。由于未见有大件作品,也正因为如此,黄杨雕刻作品常被初识者误以为是象牙制作。可以说黄杨木做成大件家具极难,如果出现,定是珍品。
4)黄杨木的香气很轻,很淡,雅致而不俗艳,是那种完全可以用清香来形容的味道,并且可以驱蚊,另外,黄杨木还有杀菌和消炎止血的功效,在黄杨木生长地的山民,就有采黄杨叶用做止血药和放置黄杨树枝来驱蚊蝇的习惯。
长。蒴果圆球形,由3心皮组成,沿室背三瓣裂,成熟时黑色,径约1厘米。4月开花,花淡黄绿色,没有花瓣,有香气。果球形,果熟期7月。
【生长习性】:多生长于高山峻岭和悬崖陡壁及山地和多石的地方。耐阴,喜温暖湿润气候和疏松肥沃土壤,在酸性、中性、碱性土壤中均能生长。根系发达,萌芽力强。耐寒性弱,抗污染。
【材质】:其木材淡黄色,质地坚韧,纹理细腻,硬度适中,没有棕眼,色泽天然黄润,温厚湿润,具有象牙效果。木材坚韧致密,可供雕刻和制木梳等。
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