历史上雍正是怎么死的?

2025-01-22 16:59:57
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  雍正的死因是清宫谜案之一,众说纷纭。
  据《清世宗实录》和《张廷玉年谱》记载:“雍正十三年八月二十日,胤禛偶感违和,仍照常听政,并召见臣工。二十一日,病情加重,照常理政。大学士张廷玉每日进见,未尝间断。皇四子宝亲王弘历、皇五子和亲王弘昼等,御榻之侧,朝夕奉侍。二十二日,病情恶化,太医抢救。二十三日子时,进药无效,龙驭上宾。”前后三天,可以算急症。胤禛突然而死,官书不载原因。于是,胤禛死因之谜,朝野众说纷纭。
  1、一说,胤禛是被吕四娘谋刺死的。传说吕四娘是吕留良的女儿,也有说是吕留良的孙女。当年,吕留良因文字狱被死后戮尸,吕氏一门,或被处死,或被遣戍。但吕四娘携母及一仆逃出,隐姓埋名,潜藏民间。吕四娘拜师习武,勤学苦练,尤长剑术,技艺高超。后来,吕四娘乔装改扮,混入深宫,一日,乘机砍掉雍正脑袋。或说,吕四娘的师傅,原是雍正的剑客,后离去,培养了女徒吕四娘。这个民间传说,流传200多年。到1981年,曾发掘雍正泰陵地宫,未打开,即作罢。但民间传言雍正棺材已经打开,雍正的遗体有尸身而无尸首,想以此证明胤禛之头是被吕四娘砍掉的。这些传说,都是无中生有,纯属野史逸闻。学者认为,吕留良之案,吕氏一门,男女老幼,俱已严禁,不能逃逸。就连吕留良父子坟墓,都加以监视,吕女不可能逃脱。所以,吕四娘行刺雍正说,实属子虚乌有,绝不可信。
  2、二说,胤禛是被宫女缢死的。柴萼《梵天庐丛录》记载:传说雍正九年(1731年),宫女伙同太监吴首义、霍成,伺胤禛睡熟,用绳缢杀,气将绝,被救活。这个逸闻源自明世宗嘉靖皇帝的真实故事。明嘉靖二十一年(1542年),宫女杨金英等“伺帝熟睡,以组缢帝项,误为死结,得不绝”。同伙张宫女害怕,跑去报告方皇后。皇后赶到,解帛组,帝气绝,命召太医许绅急救。《明史?许绅传》记载:“绅急调峻药下之,辰时下药,未时忽作声,去紫血数升,遂能言,又数剂而愈。”事后将杨金英等磔(zhé)死。显然,雍正帝与嘉靖帝的庙号都是“世宗”,这个清世宗雍正被宫女缢杀的故事,完全是明世宗嘉靖被宫女勒缢故事的翻版。所以,宫女缢勒雍正说,实属移花接木,张冠李戴。
  3、三说,胤禛是服丹药中毒而死的。胤禛在雍正七年(1729泰陵五孔桥年),得了一场大病。大臣说“皇上下颏偶有些微疙瘩”,是甚么病,说不清楚。胤禛曾向心腹密臣发出谕旨,要他们推荐好医生、道士:“可留心访问,有内外科好医生与深达修养性命之人,或道士,或讲道之儒士、俗家。……一面奏闻,一面着人优待送至京城,朕有用处。”后来李卫密荐道士贾士芳,到北京为胤禛看病。后将贾道士处死。胤禛对道士、丹药感兴趣,特为紫阳道人重建道院。胤禛还曾延请道士张太虚、王定乾等,到圆明园炼丹,以求吞服灵丹妙药,长生不老。
  4、四说,胤禛是患中风而死的。这个重要论断,需要史料证明。
  5、五说,胤禛是被曹雪芹和竺香玉合谋毒死的。据传《红楼梦》的作者曹雪芹,有个恋人叫竺香玉,是林黛玉的化身。竺香玉后来被雍正霸占成为皇后。曹雪芹想念恋人,就找了一个差事混入宫中,与竺香玉合谋,用丹药将雍正毒死。这是编造的故事,纯属无稽之谈。
  

回答2:

现代关于雍正帝死亡原因,最为专家认可的,是丹药导致雍正重金属中毒

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