推荐回答(2个)
藏传佛教是允许吃肉的,其解释如下:
从佛教本身讲,不论藏传还是汉传,出家人的别解脱戒都是来自小乘有部和经部,内容差不多。释迦牟尼佛住世时,规定出家人必须托钵乞食,而且施主布施什么就必须吃什么,不能有选择,如果说“我不能吃这个”,就违反了戒律,所以如果布施了肉也必须吃。故此小乘的戒律里开许可以吃三净肉,所谓三净肉,指的是:第一,没有亲眼看到是为我而杀的;第二、没有听到我信任的人说这是专门为我而杀的;第三、自己没有怀疑这是专门为我而杀的。这样的肉可以吃。所以如果只看小乘戒律,并没有完全禁止吃肉。
但是,在大乘的《楞严经》和《涅槃经》里,佛极力呵斥吃肉的恶习,因为“夫食肉者,断大慈种”。而且在《涅槃经》里规定:“我从今日制诸弟子,不得复食一切肉也。”即使是自己死的动物也不能吃。当初开许小乘弟子吃三净肉是因为“是三种净肉随事渐制”,随着弟子水平的提高,要求也越来越严,最后完全禁止吃肉。总之,“一切现肉,悉不应食,食者得罪”,所以大乘的修行者应该断除一切肉食。
藏地因为条件所限,多数人吃肉,但历史上还是有很多修行者坚持吃素。近年来,随着藏地交通的改善,吃素越来越方便了,这种情况下就没有理由坚持吃肉的恶习了。藏地高僧大德看到众多汉人乃至西方人都有吃素的传统,非常欣喜,于是也开始大力提倡藏传佛教徒吃素。这是一个很好的方向,因为通过吃素能减少众生的痛苦,减少众生造恶业的机会,也能避免刀兵劫一类的灾难。现在三大寺大经堂上,所有供应的饮食都是素食,参加时轮金刚灌顶法会的人也都吃素。
信佛的主要目的是修自己的心,断除烦恼,了解自己的本心。应该先抓住主要目的,循序渐进。但无论如何,即使不能立即开始吃素,也要吃三净肉,尽量避免直接杀生。
汉传佛教自梁武帝颁布《断酒肉令》以来,僧尼禁食酒肉。实际上,在大乘佛教经典中,佛陀均明示禁食肉类。如《梵网经》《楞严经》,主要是出于长养修行者的慈悲心的目的,认为,“夫食肉者,断大慈悲佛性种子。”《楞严经》上说食肉修行无法证道,“是食肉人,纵得心开似三摩地,皆大罗刹,报终必沉生死苦海,非佛弟子。”说修行可以食肉是魔王的说法。另外,从禅定的角度说,食肉不清净,无法入正定。 据说,现在除了大陆汉地、台湾、韩国等少数国家佛教徒禁食肉类外,其他如藏地、日本、泰国佛教徒均允许食肉。 现代禅宗泰斗虚云禅师曾对一些汉地佛教信徒本来奉行素食,后来因为改信藏传佛教,就又开始肉食的现象,深为痛恨。(参见《虚云和尚全集·第二分册开示》第18页:“我看见很多的人,吃素半世,学密宗即吃肉,实可悲痛!完全与慈悲心违背……”) 那么藏传佛教为什么允许肉食?现在信奉藏传佛教可以吃肉吗? 在古代,因为藏地蔬类少,素食不方便,所以要求所有信徒不吃肉难以做到。但是,现在交通发达,蔬菜水果运输方便,吃素不像古代那样困难了,因此,最好遵守佛陀的教导,改变肉食的传统。 当代五明佛学院索达吉堪布是藏传佛教的传承,但是,他在自己亲身践行的同时,也坚决要求藏传佛教信徒改变肉食的习惯,奉行素食。强制性要求想听他讲经说法的人,必须首先做到素食。 索达吉堪布曾专门就《吃肉之过患》作过演讲。其中谈到,即使是藏传佛教史上,也有许多大成就者奉行素食。如宗喀巴大师、如来芽尊者、法王如意宝、无垢光尊者等等。索达吉·堪布《吃肉之过患》论证很全面,大家可以从下列网址上下载阅读,文章不长。
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