推荐回答(2个)
初一数学的知识相对不是很多,在代数方面主要是有理数,绝对值,数轴,一元一次方程以及一元一次不等式方程的应用。在几何方面是线段,角,图形奇数,相交线,平行线,平面直角坐标系,三角形。
如果要写论文的话,最好切入的是写一元一次方程以及一元一次不等式方程的应用,先给出一元一次方程的定义,相关方程的解法,最后将其应用到生活中,也就是应用题了。这样三部分来组成一篇小论文应该是可以的了。
参考网站
hagerlay的网上家园
http://hagerlay.blog.163.com/
解析几何中“设而不求”的妙用摘要】解析几何的综合问题,常常与直线和二次曲线的位置有关。如何避免求交点,从而简化计算,也就成了处理这类问题的难点和关键。本文谈了如何整体结构意义上的变式和整体思想在解析几何中”设而不求”的妙用。【关键词】解析几何;设而不求;直线;二次曲线解析几何的综合问题,常常与直线和二次曲线的位置有关。如何避免求交点,从而简化计算,也就成了处理这类问题的难点和关键。下面从六个方面举例,介绍“设而不求”这一方法,其实质
是整体结构意义上的变式和整体思想的应用。1.与中点弦及弦的中点有关的问题例1:过点A(2,1)的直线与双曲线x2-y2/2=1,交于P1、P2两点,求弦P1P2的中点的P的轨迹方程。解:设P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),则X21-Y21/2=1,X22-Y22/2=1两式作差并整理,得(y1-y2)/(x1-x2)=2·(x1+x2)/(y1+y2)。又设弦P1P2的中点P(x0,y0),因为Kp1p2=KAP,则(y0-1)/(x0-2)=2x0/y0,因此,所求中点P的轨迹方程是2x2-4x-y2+y=0例2:过点Q(4,1)作抛物线y2=8x的弦AB,恰被点Q所平分,求AB所在直线方程:解:设以Q为中点的弦AB端点坐标A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则有y21=8x1,y22=8x2,两式相减,得:(y1-y2)(y1+y2)=8(x1-x2),又∵x1+x2=8,y1+y2=2解K=y2-y1x2-x1=8y1+y2=4∴所求直线AB方程是:y-1=4(x-4),即4x-y-15=0。评注:问题虽然简单,但提供了一种有关中点及弦的中点问题求解的程序化方法:设弦的两个端点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),代入二次曲线方程中并作差,便可以得到一组关于y1-y2/x1-x2、x1+x2、y1+y2的关系式,利用它们的几何意义,即可以方便地得到问题之解。2.与对称性有关的问题例3:已知抛物线C:x-y2-2y=0上存在关于直线:L:y=x+m对称的相异两点,求m的取值范围解:设抛物线C上关于直线L对称的两点是A(x1,y1)、B(x2,y2)代入抛物线方程并作差,得y1-y2/x1-x·2(y1+y2)+2(y1-y2)/x1-x2=1∵y1-y2/x1-x2=-1,∴y1+y2=-3,又将A、B两点坐标分别入抛物线C和直线L的方程中并分别相加,得,x1+x2=y21+y22+2(y1+y2),y1+y2=x1+x2+2m,∴y21+y22=(y1+y2)-2m-2(y1+y2)=3-2m∴y21+y22>(y1+y2)2/2=9/2,即:∴3-2m>9/2,∴m<-3/4评注:通过“设点代点”,整体代换,利用基本不等式得到了一个关于m的不等式,从而寻找到了解决问题的突破口。3.曲线方程的探求问题例4:一条直线L被两条相交直线L1:4x+y+16=0和L2:3x-5y-6=0,截得的线段中点恰好是坐标原点,求直线L的方程:解:设L与L1,L2分别交于M(x0,y0)和N,∵M、N关于原点对称,∴N(-x0,-y0),从而有4x0+y0+6=0,-3x0+5y0-6=0,这两个方程相加,得x0+6y0=0,可见M(x0,y0)在直线x+6y=0上,并且这条直线经过原点,所以,所求直线L的方程为x+6y=0。评注:设而不求,并巧妙地利用对称性,灵活而又生动。4.定值和定点问题例5:过点M(-2,0)的直线L与椭圆C:x2+2y2=2交于P1、P2两点,线段P1P2的中点是P,设直线L的斜率为K(K≠0),OP的斜率为K1。(0为椭圆的中心
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