怎么样去理解,强势群体的人对付弱势群体的人用的是污蔑的方式?
推荐回答(1个)
你好
构建中国社会保障制度
我国社会保障的现状首先是,相关法律法规不健全,目前我国除残疾人、妇女、老年人权益保护颁布了相应的法律外,社会保障的主要领域如社会保险、社会救助等,至今没有法律规范。但是,三部单行法的内容和规制都在不同程度上落后于弱势群体保护的客观需求。仅以残疾人劳动就业为例,《残疾人保障法》作了9条规定,但已与现行市场经济体制有很大出入,[9]因此,社会保障立法势在必行。其次,我国社会保险基金覆盖面窄,筹集形式不规范,公民个人的社会保险费负担重,社会化程度低,导致社会保障负担不公平,很难发挥其应有的作用,不利于国家对经济的宏观调控,而且存在资金流失问题。第三,公民在要求正当社会保障过程中遇到困难,应通过法律援助获得救济。但是法律援助的对象、范围、程序、资金来源和使用,缺乏统一权威的法律规范,未形成配套的法律援助立法体系。虽然有关法律援助的法律、法规不断增加。但从总体上看,法律援助立法工作还处于零散的无序状态。
福利经济学中潜在的帕累托改进理论为社会福利制定了这样一个标准:即使整个社会并未达到帕累托效率最优水平,社会福利措施的实施使得既有利益受益者也有利益受损者,只要受益者的所得大于受损者的损失时,社会福利就增进了。[10]社会富裕阶层应该对弱势群体负起一定的责任,但不是赋予贫弱者侵犯富强者的权利,而应由国家通过制度安排来解决。对弱势群体的救济不能单靠扶贫,而应使
之借助国家提供的条件和机会采取多种方式自救,从而获得更多的资源保障。中国社会由于历史的惯性形成了行政权强大,主导社会生活的现状。所以短时间内弱势群体保护不能单靠市场机制,还需要政府的积极作为,有必要建立由政府主导社会保障事业的制度体系。
建议如下:1、开征社会保障税,为政府社会保障支出提供稳定的税收来源。社会保障税起源于1935年美国联邦政府开征的工薪税或工资税。目前世界范围内已有70%的国家开征了社会保障税。[12]一些西方国家的社会保障税收已成为收入最多的税种,开征社会保障税是完善我国社会保障制度的必然选择。
2、建立健全社会保障立法,可以将经济法与社会法结合为社会保障法。社会保障立法是调整有关劳动关系、社会保障关系以及社会弱势群体保护和社会自治性团体行为的法律规范的总和。完善的社会保障立法,是制定相关法规的基础,是社会保障管理机构的设置及职责权限划分的依据,同时也可以对社会保障基金实行监管。它从社会整体出发弥补市场经济的缺陷,能够增进社会稳定和均衡发展,保护劳动者和儿童、老年人、残疾人、失业者等弱势群体的正当权益。
3、强化法律援助制度。“无救济即无权利”,这句古老的西方法谚传达出来的意义即公民保护自己合法权利的一个很重要的途径就是通过法律赋予每位公民所享有
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