杜尚的泉体现了什么艺术观,为什么这样的艺术观会产生于20世纪20年代
推荐回答(1个)
1916年的欧洲,笼罩在一战的硝烟中,只有瑞士维持着最后的宁静。于是苏黎世街头挤满了来自各国的艺术家,他们是拒绝战争的流亡者、社会的弃儿和文艺激进分子,被看不到终点的战争搅得焦躁不安。
他们把世纪初的苦闷催化为极端的厌恶感,终于引发了超前的艺术暴动。
2月8日,斯彼吉加斯路伏尔泰酒店,罗马尼亚人特里斯唐·查拉、画家米歇尔·杨柯、德国诗人雨果·巴尔等艺术家举行了一场嘈杂的晚会。有人敲着铁盒子制作音乐,有人大声朗诵诗歌,有人吼叫般演唱歌曲,这场混合的奇特派对让所有人兴奋不已。他们决定就此发起一个新的艺术运动,以表达对传统文艺形式的激烈反对。
查拉将一把裁纸刀信手插进一本法德辞典,那个被点中的名词“达达(Dada)”,就成了这场运动的称号。
这种恶作剧般的命名方式恰恰体现了达达主义的精髓:反传统的破坏性与极端的虚无主义。很快,达达主义在欧美各国得到了响应,电影、爵士乐和达达主义在那个战乱的年代制造了一股新奇热潮。
其中最突出的代表是杜尚,他的作品是对达达精神最佳的阐释,用自行车轮、铁锹、梳子等现成品做成雕塑;把小便器送去参加美术展览,题名为《泉》;在达·芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》复制品上用铅笔加上式样不同的小胡子;这一系列作品完全颠覆传统的艺术创作。
疯狂的“达达”们致力于对一切现有艺术形式进行攻击和反叛,并挑衅社会普遍性的审美趣味,公众很快就发现达达主义有些让人无从接受了。
“在那个时代达达主义是过于超前,但对后来它产生了缓慢渐变的影响,发展至今已经成了西方艺术的主流。”中央美术学院教授易英如此评价达达主义对当今艺术的影响。当今艺术的主流是行为艺术、装置艺术、多媒体艺术等非架上绘画创作,达达主义就是最早的倡导者。
“但是,达达主义90年了,中国还离它很远很远。我们的主流还是传统绘画,而整个社会环境迄今也没有准备好接受那样的艺术观念。”
达达主义产生于混乱,又创造混乱;它否定一切,最终也应验了他们的预言 消灭了自己。1924年,作为社团组织的达达主义宣布自我消亡。
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