籼米、粳米和糯米的营养成分有何区别?

2025-02-07 21:14:18
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

籼米、粳米都是营养丰富的主食,含有多种营养成分。 
每百克粳米中,约含蛋白质6.7g,脂肪0.9g,碳水化合物77.6g,粗纤维0.3g,钙7mg,磷136mg,铁2.3mg,维生素B10.16mg,维生素B20.05mg, 烟酸lmg以及蛋氨酸 125mg,缬氨酸 394mg,亮氨酸 610mg,异亮氨酸 251mg,苏氨酸280mg,苯丙氨酸394mg,色氨酸122mg,赖氨酸255mg等多种营养物质。粳米品种不同,营养成分也不同,但是差异微小。 籼米的营养成分与粳米相比,差异极小。习惯上将籼米与粳米统称为大米,大米的营养成分因品种不同而略有差异。同一品种大米的营养成分变化规律是:糙米>标二米>标一米>特等米。这是因为糙米皮层含有丰富的营养素,而在精白米加工过程中,部分皮层被碾磨掉,大米加工精度越高,碾去的皮层越多,大米的营养也随之降低。 糯米一般不作为主食,更多的是作为小吃食品、地方风味食品的原料。这是由于籼米、粳米和糯米的直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量不同,造成三者在口感上有一定差异,即籼米米饭黏性小,胀性大;粳米米饭黏性偏大,胀性偏小;而糯米的黏性最大,胀性很小。 糯米与籼米、粳米的营养成分差异甚小。但是祖国医学认为:与籼米、粳米相比,糯米性偏于温,是重要的滋补食物。《本草纲目》里把糯米的功效归纳为四种:一是温脾胃,二是止腹泻,三是缩小便,四是收自汗。主治:胃寒痛、消渴、夜多小便、小便频数、脾胃气虚泄泻、气虚自汗、妊娠腰腹坠胀、劳动后气短乏力、体弱。 有色米(黑米、紫米、红米等)的营养价值比普通大米高。有色米富含蛋白质、赖氨酸、植物脂肪、纤维素和人体必需的矿物质铁、锌、铜、锰、钼、硒、钙、磷等,以及丰富的维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、D、E和烟酸,花青素、叶绿素及黄酮类和强心苷等药用成分。尤其是含有一般大米缺乏的维生素C、胡萝卜素等。有色米的蛋白质含量,比普通早籼米的蛋白质含量相对提高10.4%以上,比普通的晚籼米高22.1%。 有色米中含有强心苷、生物碱、植物甾醇等多种生理活性物质,具有促进机体代谢、抗衰老等医疗保健功能。医学临床试验证实有色米及其产品可显著提高孕妇血中的血红蛋白和血清铁含量,防止妊娠时血红蛋白下降,减少妊娠贫血病的发生率。有色米可治疗营养不良水肿、贫血、肝炎、缺乏维生素B1引起的脚气病等。有色米及有色米酒可以防治慢性肾炎、风湿及胃病等,对老年人缩尿有明显疗效。

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