佛家的中阴身理论

佛家的中阴身理论具体是什么?
2025-02-15 06:01:04
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

在今生的死亡与转生投胎之间,有一段过渡时期,这时期叫做“中阴”或“中有”(藏文bardo)。
中阴身并非血肉之躯,而是一种细微的心识身。并无实质可言,其形体是下一生将转生之形相,例如下一生将生于畜道者,中阴身形如畜相,但却无身影或足印。将生天界者之中阴身,色如金或白色,行走时是如飞行上升般的;将生为人之中阴身,其色为金而平行移动;当生于地狱者之中阴身,其色如焦炭,倒立地行走;将生为饿鬼之中阴身,身如水色,倒退行走;当生为畜者,身如烟色,行走姿态与畜类相同。有关中阴身之形相,在不同的经论中有少许不同之观点,以上所说的为格律派中较被普遍认同的说法。
中阴身的神智多会浮躁焦虑。当生于善道者,于中有期间神智会较为清明;当生恶道者之中阴身,神智则会混钝。
中阴身因非物质身体,故此亦不能饮食实质物品,只能以气味为食,或于有人作熏烟供养法时可得受饮食品以活命。
不论生前有瞎眼等生理缺陷或否,在中阴期间,中阴身皆六根具足,而且更自然会拥有一些神通,例如说类似天眼的眼神通及随念刹那间便能到达所想之处的神通等等。然而,这类神通,并不同于佛陀之神通,也并非修持所得之神通,而纯属业力所生之神通。刚才说中阴身可以随念而即达至所思之地点,但其中有两个地方是中阴身不能穿越的,一是佛陀成道之金刚座道场(注:即现今印度中部菩提伽耶之菩提树下),另一为当受生投胎之母胎处。除此之外,中阴身不受任何山、石、河、海等地理环境所障,可以自由穿行。有时候,中阴身会流连于生前故居,但亲友是看不到中阴身的,而且因为人类身上有气味,中阴身无法太亲近,从而令心中生出很大的悲伤。
虽然中阴身有类似天眼的神通,能见到许多凡人眼睛见不到的东西,但中阴身相互之间却不一定能见到。同类的中阴身可以互相见到,但不同类者互相是见不到的。我们凡夫的肉眼,亦看不到中阴身。常常有人说自己梦到或见到已故的亲友求索供品,这些只是一些鬼道众生幻化的把戏,藉以骗取饮食,并非真的是自己已故亲友的中阴身或其“鬼魂”。不同类之中阴身所见到的景况并不相同。当生三善道者之中阴身,所体验到的是悦意的景况,天色有如月夜;下一世当生恶道者,中阴期间经历犹如黑夜之景况,而且会见到斗争不绝之情景。中阴身或会见到三条可怕的深渊及听到如山崩、海啸、火燃爆裂及烈风吹动的可怕声音。这些都并非客观的景况,而是生前贪、嗔、痴三烦恼之幻相及四大元素颠倒而幻化出的。此时,亦可能会见到如鬼王等魔众追打,或各种美女前来献媚。这些都是自己内心的幻相及业力所现,并非真实的景况,只如梦境一般,但对中阴身来说,它们却十分真实。
中阴身的周期,至长亦不超于四十九天,这是一般的情况。在某些例外的少数情况下,中阴期亦有可能更长。中阴期间,中阴身每七天便会经历一次类似死亡的经验,然后又换一个中阴身,直至有因缘投胎为止,但一般来说顶多也不过会换七次中阴身。有些众生的中阴期极为短暂,有些则维持较长时间。在此期间,亲友或师长代为布施、供养、超度及修善行,仍可改变其下生转世地点。此外,由于中阴身心识极为明了,对佛法引导极易接受,此期间由大师之辈以法力摄召其前来开示,是极为有效的。迁识或度亡之事,以与死者有法缘或血缘关系的大师为最有效用。但如那洛巴等一代宗师者,则不论有缘与否,亦可轻易地为亡者度脱。
在四十九天内、一旦遇上适合的因缘时,心识便会再度投生,其中阴身便告结束。投生的过程有许多种,例如有业缘当堕寒地狱者,便会遇热而心欲得凉,便感召生于寒地狱中;当生热地狱中,因为感寒而欲得温暖,便投生于热地狱中;生前喜杀生者,幻见有猎物在前,趋前时却不见猎物,中阴身于怒心中死去,心识投生于父精母血的混合体中。
总之,中阴身的目的地是六道轮回中的其中一道。

回答2:

随喜!
阿弥陀佛!

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