推荐回答(5个)
《儒林外史》这本书是讽刺封建官场的各种丑恶嘴脸的讽刺小说,选入课本自然是想用范进这个封建社会的典型人物无情抨击封建社会的怪诞现象。每当读起范进怪诞的发疯经历,我们曾经都会忍俊不禁笑出声来。
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心中在想范进真没出息,为了一个举人至于吗?随着年龄的增长,越发觉得范进的疯癫是人之常情。范进中举人已经是50多岁的事情了,他穷困潦倒了大半生,这一生最好的时间全在书桌上度过了,因为只会读书,他不会干农活,甚至快到了五谷不分的境地了。
年纪很大了,因为没有女人愿意嫁给这么个百无一用的书生,所以范进的前半生过得可谓清苦。胡屠户因为自家的女儿嫁不出去,在很无奈的情况下,才选择了范进这个破落的书生。所以,胡屠户骨子里是瞧不起范进的。
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故事开篇以范进考取秀才为引,范进经历了30多年的应试终于考取了秀才,有了可以参加乡试的资格。这时,范进的丈人爹胡屠户拿着酒和大肠来看他,但是在当时秀才只是一个资格性质的考试,类似于准入资格,也就是说范进有了考取功名的机会了。
但是,秀才的政治地位不高,没有所谓的社会红利。所以,胡屠户对于范进仍是极尽贬低,范进也是唯唯诺诺。
范进想进一步考取功名,参加乡试因没了盘缠,去找胡屠户要钱,被胡屠户骂了出来。无奈背着胡屠户参加考试,令人意外的是范进以乡试第七的成绩成为了亚元。
范进从一个破落秀才一下子成了举人。为什么中了举人就能母鸡变凤凰呢?其实,无非是巨人背后的政治资源的支持结果。
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在明清两代,举人有着非比寻常的特权,举人可以不交田赋,也就是不用交农业税,这就造成了许多地主将手下地产挂靠在举人名下,这样大大降低了税费的开支。
举人无徭役,也就是说举人门下的人可以合法地避免朝廷的徭役。举人可以登堂不拜,也就是说举人见了官员可以不行跪拜之礼,而且举人身份是不能擅自对其动刑的,这就更为举人提供了保护伞。就比如《九品芝麻官》中的方堂镜,就是举人出身,威风程度其实并无夸张。
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最为重要的,举人可以直接为官,虽然不及进士的起点高,但是在明清期间,举人出身混一个知县实缺那都是相当轻松的事。
知道了这些特权,你还认为范进发疯是荒诞之事吗?就算是换成现在这个社会就意味着不用服兵役,不用交税,可自由出入各大政府机构,不受地方法律束缚,可以混个县长当一当。就不说当个县长了,目前一个家庭出现一个公务员都是轰动四邻的事,更不要说直接当上县长了。
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知道范进中举后,变化最大莫过于胡屠户了,首先胡屠户知道范进中举提了七八斤肉和五千贯钱来看贤婿,所带的东西已经大有变化了,胡屠户已经不敢再称范进事“现世报”,而称贤婿老爷,连自己的亲戚都这般大的反差,更不要说张乡绅送钱送豪宅了。
范进中举事一个落魄的读书人压抑了30多年的情感的突然释放,少年时每当读起感觉荒诞不经,可笑之极,但是当岁月打磨掉我们身上的铅华,金钱侵蚀掉心中的锐气。我们不正在慢慢变成胡屠户,范进乡邻这样的人吗?
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曾经笑骂书中人,现在已在此书中。
我们曾经充满美好的梦想,可是现实无情,让你不得不变得市侩,可憎。越来越多人慢慢成为胡屠户,范进四邻这样的小人物,他们热衷于权力和利益,在权力面前卑躬屈膝。
而范进这些滑稽的角色慢慢变得我们高攀不起,成为了我们一心想成为的人。我们,而最终我们终将成为我们年少时曾经憎恶的那个人。
范进之所以发疯是其心理压力过大造成的必然结果。范进把所有希望都押在科考上,迫切渴望与录取率低下的残酷现实之间本来就是读书人要遇到的矛盾。多年的失败又加重了他脆弱心理上的压力,承受力也越来越低。这样遇到中举的激烈刺激,他的发疯就成了必然。
因为范举多年以来只有考试,没有别的事情,但是一直都没有中举。突然之间中举了,大悲大喜之间,情绪过度,一下子兴奋过度就疯了。
因为他心情太激动了,他当时已经考了很多次,都没有中,所以一朝中举心情激动就疯了。
范进是中举之后开心地疯了,范进曾多年参加科考,但屡屡落榜,突然一朝中举,使得范进一时没从这个惊喜中反应过来,才高兴地疯了。
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