推荐回答（1个）
不同生物（植物、动物、微生物）的基因组DNA的提取方法有所不同; 不同种类或同一种类的不同组织因其细胞结构及所含的成分不同，分离方法也有差异。在提取某种特殊组织的DNA时必须参照文献和经验建立相应的提取方法, 以获得可用的DNA大分子。尤其是组织中的多糖和酶类物质对随后的酶切、PCR反应等有较强的抑制作用,因此用富含这类物质的材料提取基因组DNA时, 应考虑除去多糖和酚类物质。
本实验以水稻幼苗为材料,学习基因组DNA提取的一般方法。
DNA
一、材料
水稻幼苗
二、设备
移液器，冷冻高速离心机，台式高速离心机，水浴锅，陶瓷研钵，50ml离 心管（有盖）及5ml和1.5ml离心管，弯成钩状的小玻棒。
三、试剂
1、提取缓冲液?：100mmol/L Tris?Cl, pH8.0, 20mmol/L EDTA, 500mmol/L
NaCl, 1.5% SDS。
2、提取缓冲液?：18.6g葡萄糖，6.9g二乙基二硫代碳酸钠，6.0gPVP，240ul巯基乙醇，加水至300ml。
3、80:4:16/氯仿:戊醇:乙醇
4、 RnaseA母液：配方见第一章。
5、其它试剂：液氮、异丙醇、TE缓冲液，无水乙醇、70%乙醇、3mol/L NaAc。
四、操作步骤：
（一）水稻幼苗或其它禾木科植物基因组DNA提取
1. 在50ml离心管中加入20ml提取缓冲液?, 60?水浴预热。
2. 水稻幼苗或叶子5-10g, 剪碎, 在研钵中加液氮磨成粉状后立即倒入预热
的离心管中, 剧烈摇动混匀, 60?水浴保温30-60分钟(时间长,DNA产量高), 不时摇动。
3. 加入20ml氯仿/戊醇/乙醇溶液, 颠倒混匀(需带手套, 防止损伤皮肤)，室温下静置5-10分钟, 使水相和有机相分层(必要时可重新混匀)。
4. 室温下5000rpm离心5分钟。
5. 仔细移取上清液至另一50ml离心管,加入1倍体积异丙醇,混匀,室温下放置片刻即出现絮状DNA沉淀。
6. 在1.5ml eppendorf中加入1ml TE。用钩状玻璃棒捞出DNA絮团,在干净吸水纸上吸干,转入含TE的离心管中,DNA很快溶解于TE。
7. 如DNA不形成絮状沉淀,则可用5000rpm离心5分钟, 再将沉淀移入TE管中。这样收集的沉淀,往往难溶解于TE,可在60?水浴放置15分钟以上，以帮助溶解。
8. 将DNA溶液3000rpm离心5分钟, 上清液倒入干净的5ml离心管。
9. 加入5μl RNaseA(10μg/μl), 37? 10分钟, 除去RNA(RNA对DNA的操作、分析一般无影响，可省略该步骤）。
10. 加入1/10体积的3mol/L NaAc及2×体积的冰乙醇,混匀,-20?放置20分钟左右,DNA形成絮状沉淀。
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