地膜覆盖机械的分类。求解答

2025-03-28 17:10:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

地膜覆盖栽培的品种不同,要点也不同。这里以蔬菜为例介绍如下。
1、要早育壮苗。地膜覆盖栽培的目的是早熟高产。因此,应选择耐寒、抗病能力强、早熟丰产的品种,适当提早播种,采用营养钵或营养土块育大苗带土移栽,使幼苗迅速返青生长。

2、要重施底肥。地膜覆盖后施肥困难,而且地温回升较快,作物生长旺盛,需肥量增加,因此,覆盖地膜前应重施底肥,一般按该作物一季所用总肥量的60—70%作为基肥一次性施入。基肥以有机肥为主,果菜类应适当增施磷钾肥。底肥采取窝施或沟施的方式,在栽苗前3—5天施入,然后复土。

3、要浇足底水。地膜覆盖前墒面一定要浇透水,使墒内的土壤含有充足的水分。但是墒面浇水后不能马上盖地膜,否则会造成膜内土壤湿度过大,形成“包浆土”,必须等墒面土壤“吸汗”后,才能盖膜。

4、要墒面平整。畦面土壤充分欠细整平,做成瓦背形,用木板擀平并稍微拍实土表。

5、要盖严地膜。地膜必须拉紧铺平无皱折,并与厢面紧贴,膜的四周用土压紧压实,对杂草较多的地块,可在盖膜前厢面均匀喷施除草剂,这样除草、保温、保湿效果更好。

6、要合理密植。进行地膜覆盖早熟栽培,可适当增加密度。

7、要适时早栽。定植比不盖膜的提早10天左右,如地膜覆盖再加盖棚(小拱棚、大棚等)、定植期可提早15天左右,定植时,按要求的行株距将地膜划破小口,苗子栽入穴中,定植应选在冷尾暖头的晴天,带土移栽。定植后及时浇“定根水”,然后用细土肥定植孔封严以保温、湿,促进幼苗生长。

8、要科学管理。秧苗定植后,在进行农时操作管理时,要尽量不损坏地膜,发现地膜破裂或四周不严时,应及时用土压紧,保证地膜覆盖的效果地膜覆盖栽培具有保水保肥等作用,加之前期幼苗消耗水分、肥量也小,在肥水管理上应掌握“前期控、中后期追”的原则,在春旱不严重时适当控制肥水施用,防止植株徒长。当进入开花结果盛期时,要及时追肥或根外追肥。充分满足植株中后期生长发育的需要。

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