shell 如何合并多个文件

2025-01-24 05:35:16
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

需求描述
现有多个具有相同命名格式及内容格式的文件,要求编写shell脚本将它们合并到一个文件中。
被合并文件的命名格式为:YYYYMMDDHHMISS.r,例如:20161018030205.r;文件中包含了若干行记录,每行记录包含26个字符,其中第一个字符为标识位,第7到12个字符为时间(格式:YYMMDD),例如:000000161019002925000003N0,该记录的第一个字符0为标识位,第7到12个字符161019表示时间,即16年的10月19日;合并之后的文件的命名格式为:YYYYMMDD.txt,例如:20161018.txt。
对于合并操作,具体要求为:
1)当天只合并前一天的文件,如今天(10月20日)只合并昨天(10月19日)的文件,文件时间通过文件命名即可看出。
2)标识位为0的记录会被写到合并之后的文件中,其他记录将被过滤掉。
3)时间(即第7到12个字符的值)为前一天的记录会被写到合并之后的文件中,其他记录将被过滤掉。
shell脚本
#!/bin/bash

srcparh=/home/zhou/src
exportpath=/home/zhou/export
linenum=0

return_fail()
{
exit 1
}

function check_config_dir
{
if [ ! -d ${srcparh} ];then
echo "[error]:${srcparh} has not existed!!"
return_fail
fi

if [ ! -d ${exportpath}]; then
echo "[error]:${exportpath} has not existed!!"
return_fail
fi
}

function merge_file
{
##YESTERDAY DATE YYMMDD
YES_DATE_YY=`date -dyesterday +%y%m%d`

##YESTERDAY filename
YES_FILENAME=`date -dyesterday +%Y%m%d`.txt

ONE_DAY_AGO=`date -dyesterday +%y%m%d`

echo"YESTERDAY:${ONE_DAY_AGO}"

echo "`date+%Y-%m-%d` `date +%T`----begin to merge file"

if [ -s ${YES_FILENAME}]; then
echo "warn:yesterday file ${YES_FILENAME} has existed!! now backup it to${YES_FILENAME}_bak."
mv ${YES_FILENAME}${YES_FILENAME}_bak
fi

cd ${srcparh}

file_list_temp=`ls | grep-E "${ONE_DAY_AGO}"`
file_list_count=`ls |grep -E "${ONE_DAY_AGO}" | wc -l`

echo " "
echo "there are${file_list_count} yesterday file(s) to be merged."
echo " "

>${exportpath}/${YES_FILENAME}

for file_name in$file_list_temp
do
echo "now to merge ${file_name}"
cat ${file_name} | grep "^0" >${file_name}_filter_firstline

while read line
do
echo ""
echo "nowto deal this line: ${line}"
echo ""

start_data=+${line:6:6}+

echo"${start_data}" | grep "+${ONE_DAY_AGO}+"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo"${line}" >> ${exportpath}/${YES_FILENAME}
linenum=$[linenum+1]
fi
done <${file_name}_filter_firstline

rm*_filter_firstline
done

if [ ${linenum} -gt 0 ]
then
echo "Totally ${linenum} lines havemerged."
fi

if [ ! -s${exportpath}/${YES_FILENAME} ]
then
echo "warn:there is no yesterday file record!!,${exportpath}/${YES_FILENAME} isblank!"
echo " ">${exportpath}/${YES_FILENAME}
fi
}

main()
{
echo " "

echo "this mergetool begins running --------------------"

check_config_dir;

merge_file;

echo"-------------end ---------------------"
}

## Execute main function
main $*123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105

脚本说明
第一,在脚本的第3到5行,定义了三个变量,其中srcparh用于存放被合并的文件,exportpath用于存放合并之后的文件,linenum用于表示本次写到合并之后的文件中的记录的条数。
第二,return_fail用于在执行出现异常(如srcparh或exportpath所表示的路径不存在)时退出程序而不进行后续处理。
第三,check_config_dir函数用于检查srcparh或exportpath所表示的路径是否存在,如不存在,则不进行后续处理。
第四,merge_file函数是本脚本的核心,它的主要功能是找出srcparh下满足时间条件的文件,并按照需求要求将文件中的记录筛选出来,放到结果文件中。如果有满足条件的记录,那么脚本会显示写入到结果文件中的记录的条数。
第五,main函数是整个程序的入口(就像C语言中的main函数一样),它调用了check_config_dir和merge_file函数。
脚本执行结果
第一,当srcparh所表示的路径不存在时,执行结果如下:
> ./file_merge_tool.sh

this merge tool begins running --------------------
[error]: /home/zhou/src has not existed!!12341234

第二,当exportpath所表示的路径不存在时,执行结果如下:
> ./file_merge_tool.sh

this merge tool begins running --------------------
[error]: /home/zhou/export has not existed!!12341234

第三,当srcparh所表示的路径存在但不包含任何文件时,执行结果如下:
> ./file_merge_tool.sh

this merge tool begins running --------------------
YESTERDAY:161019
2016-10-20 16:30:06----begin to merge file

there are 0 yesterday file(s) to be merged.

warn: there is no yesterday filerecord!!,/home/zhou/export/20161019.txt is blank!
-------------end ---------------------1234567891012345678910

第四,现有四个文件20161018030205.r、20161019030254.r、20161019182531.r、20161019213456.r,每个文件的内容如下:
20161018030205.r文件:
000000161019002925000003N0
000000161019002931000003N0
300000161018002931000003N0
000000161019002926000009Y0
000000161019003150000003N0
20161019030254.r文件:
000000161019004925000003N0
000000161019006931000003N0
100000161019006971000004N0
000000161019007926000009Y0
200000161019006871000004N0
000000161019008150000003N0
20161019182531.r文件:
000000161019001925000003N0
000000161019004931000003N0
000000161018007926000009Y0
000000161019007926000009Y0
000000161019009150000003N0
000000161017007926000009Y0
600000161019007426000009Y0
20161019213456.r文件:
000000161019002925000003N0
000000161019002931000003N0
000000161019002926000009Y0
800000161019002961000003N0
000000161019003150000003N0
将它们上传到srcparh目录下,运行脚本,结果如下:
> ./file_merge_tool.sh

this merge tool begins running --------------------
YESTERDAY:161019
2016-10-20 17:08:24----begin to merge file

there are 3 yesterday file(s) to be merged.

now to merge 20161019030254.r

now to deal this line: 000000161019004925000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019006931000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019007926000009Y0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019008150000003N0

+161019+
now to merge 20161019182531.r

now to deal this line: 000000161019001925000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019004931000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161018007926000009Y0

now to deal this line: 000000161019007926000009Y0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019009150000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161017007926000009Y0

now to merge 20161019213456.r

now to deal this line: 000000161019002925000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019002931000003N0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019002926000009Y0

+161019+

now to deal this line: 000000161019003150000003N0

+161019+
Totally 12 lines have merged.
-------------end ---------------------1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666712345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667

对照被合并的文件和结果文件,一共有4个文件,但只有3个文件(20161019030254.r、20161019182531.r、20161019213456.r)满足时间条件,这3个文件中满足过滤条件(标识位为0、时间为前一天)的记录条数为12条,和脚本执行结果一致。
大家也可对本脚本进行更多的测试。
总结
shell脚本在基于Linux的开发中有极为广泛的应用,因为它靠近底层,执行效率高、部署方便。本文中的脚本也可以作为定时任务部署到机器上,让它在每天的同一个时间里自动执行。

回答2:

你是指什么合并?如果要在一个shell文件中引用一个shell文件直接. filename就行,看好了是一个点然后空格最后文件名。

回答3:

cat 123.txt 456.txt >789.txt

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