推荐回答(1个)
1.java异常机制的原理与应用
答:每当程序出现异常之后,如果程序没有进行相应的处理,则程序会出现中断现象。
实际上,产生了异常之后,JVM会抛出一个异常类的实例化对象,如果此时使用了try语句捕获的话,则可以进行异常的处理,否则,交给JVM进行处理。当try语句捕获异常之后,将与catch语句的异常类型进行匹配,如果匹配成功则执行catch内的语句。简单的应用:在所以throws语句的地方加入try-catch。标准应用:try-catch-finally-throw-throws一起使用。
2. 垃圾回收机制的优点
答:释放无用的对象所占用的空间。方式:自动回收,手动回收。使用System.gc(),实际上调用Runtime.getRuntime().gc()
3. Error与Exception区别
答:Error是jvm进行处理,是jvm出错
exception是可以由程序处理的,可以用try-catch捕获的
4. final,finally,finallize
答:final定义的变量的值不能改变,定义的方法不能被覆盖,定义的类不能被继承
finally是异常的统一出口,finallize是垃圾回收前的收尾工作,是Object类定义的
5. Anonymous Inner Class是否可以extends,是否可以implements Interface
答:允许继承和实现,因为匿名内部类就是在抽象类和接口的基础上发展起来的
6. Static Nested Class 与Inner Class的区别
答:使用Static定义的Class就是外部类,可以通过外部类. 内部类直接访问
而Inner Class是不能被外部访问的,只能通过外部类的实例再找到内部类实例。
7. HashMap and HashTable?
答:HashMap:1) released in jdk 1.2,new Class 2)采用异步处理方式,性能较高,是非线程安全的 3)允许null
HashTable:
1)released in jdk 1.0 ,old Class
2)采用同步处理方式,性能低,是线程安全的
3)不允许null
8. assert代表什么?
答:asserts是jdk 1.4之后发布的新关键字,表示断言,即程序执行到某个地方肯定是预计的值,一般开发很少使用。要使用assert,必须加上 -ea参数
9. gc是什么?
答:gc是garbage collection,垃圾回收,使用gc可以进行垃圾空间的释放
10. String s = new String("xyz")产生了几个对象?
答:一个匿名对象xyz,在栈空间内。一个new实例化的对象,在堆空间内。
11. sleep() and wait()?
答:sleep()是Thread类定义方法,表示线程的休眠,可以自动唤醒
wait()方法是Object类定义的方法,需要手动notify()和notifyAll()//sleep()不释放资源,wait()释放资源
12. Overload与Override的区别
答:Overload:重载
|- 在一个类中定义的若干方法
|- 所有的方法名相同,但参数类型或个数不同
|- 只有参数有关,与返回类型无关
Override:覆写
|- 在继承的关系中
|- 子类定义了父类同名的方法,参数类型或个数最好完全一样。
|- 访问权限不能更严格
13. abstract class 和 interface有什么区别?
答:抽象类:
|-由抽象方法和常量、变量、全局常量、构造方法、普通方法组成
|-使用abstract声明
|-子类要通过extends继承抽象类,子类如果不是抽象类,则必须覆写抽象类的全部抽象方法
|-存在单继承的局限
|-抽象类可以实现若干个接口
接口:
|-由抽象方法和全局常量组成
|-使用interface关键字
|-子类要通过implements实现接口,子类如果不是抽象类,则必须覆写抽象类的全部抽象方法
|-一个子类可以实现多个接口
|-接口不能继承一个抽象类,但允许继承多个接口
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