推荐回答(4个)
1、政治:由分裂到局部统一、再到全国统一,专制主义中央集权进一步加强。忽必烈在1271年建立元朝,1279年统一了全国。元的统一促进了多民族国家的发展。元朝实行的行省制度,有效地管辖了全国。
2、经济:经济重心南移完成,商品经济繁荣(打破市坊分区,夜市、瓦子、纸币出现)海外贸易发展。
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3、民族关系:民族融合加强;少数民族封建化进程加快,少数民族政权与汉族政权并立。
4、文化:三大发展划时代发展,宋朝文学十足发达,秉诗、词、散文都有伟大成就。让宋朝散文走向兴盛并承接古文运动的大师是欧阳修。
5、对外关系:以海路为主,元朝对外交流已经到达了东西欧地区之外。
参考资料来源:百度百科-宋元时期
第一:民族大融合。五代十国结束,元朝统一了汉族及周边低去的少数民族政权,是各民族加强了交流和进步。
第二:国家政策决定。宋朝文化繁荣的原因在于它是中国经济由北向南发展的重要时期,带动了宋朝文化的繁荣;元朝的文化繁荣却是由于元朝的民族等级高压政策,大多数汉族文人官场失意下转而从事曲艺、诗词的创作,所以元朝在曲艺的发展得到了很大的发展。
第三:科技的先进。宋元时期,四大发明中的三样活字印刷术,指南针。火药就是在那时期得到进一步发展。那个时候天文、地理、医学、数学形成中国科技文化空前繁荣的局面。
第四:对外交流.宋元时对外交流十分频繁,国家开明,文化上海纳百川,促进繁荣;元朝对外交流已经到达了东西欧地区之外。
第五:阶级的变化.市民阶层的扩大,生活水平的提高,文化、娱乐生活的要求更为丰富,拉动的文化事业的发展,商业色彩浓重的词曲因而得到普及发展.
1、原因:
1)宋元时期的经济在隋唐高度发达的基础上得到进一步发展,为文化的繁荣奠定了物质基础;
2)两宋的局部统一和元朝国家的统一,为文化的发展创造了相对安定的环境;
3)民族融合进一步加强,民族间经济文化交流频繁,推动了文化的繁荣;
4)对外经济文化交流频繁,大量外来文化的传入,丰富、发展了宋元文化。
2、特点与地位:高度繁荣。
宋元时期是我国封建文化繁荣的又一高峰。科技发展处于世界领先地位,对世界文明发展具有重大推动作用。自然科学、社会科学各个领域全面繁荣,成就辉煌。汉族与少数民族文化相互交融、相互推动,少数民族对祖国文化的繁荣作出重大贡献,丰富多彩的民族文化是祖国文化的重要组成部分。宋元是政治、经济、文化以及对外贸易等各个方面的鼎盛繁荣时期,是各个方面的综合作用的结果。
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