问卷调查有那几种类型?

2025-01-24 11:49:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在我们的日常资料整理中,最基本而又最常见的方法就是问卷调查法. 根据研究课题性质和目的的不同,问卷可分为结构型问卷和无结构型问卷两大类。(1) 结构型问卷 ,又称为封闭式问卷,它的特点是,问题的设置和安排具有结构化形式,问卷中提供有限量的答案,受试者只能选择作答。 结构型问卷,由于已设置了有限的答案供受试者选择作答,因此它适用于广泛的、不同阶层的调查对象;同时有利于控制和确定研究变量之间的关系,易于量化和进行数据的统计处理,因此,这类问卷被普遍使用。 但是由于结构型的问卷局限性,在回收回来的问卷上也难以发现特殊的问题。也就是说难以获得较深入、详尽的资料,因此,通常在结构型问卷为主的情况下,可以加入几个无结构型问题,两类型式的问卷结合使用可以获得更好的效果。 (2) 无结构型问卷 ,又称为开放式问卷,它的特点是在问题的设置和安排上,没有严格的结构形式,受试者可以依据本人的意愿作自由的回答。无结构型问卷一般较少作为单独的问卷进行使用,往往是在对某些问题需要作进一步深入的调查时,和结构型问卷结合使用。通过无结构型问卷,我们可以收集到范围较广泛的资料,可以深入发现到某些特殊的问题,探询到某些特殊的调查对象的特殊意见,也可以获得某项研究的补充和验证资料。有时候研究者可以根据受试者的反应,形成另一个新问题,作进一步的调查,使研究者与调查对象之间形成交流,使研究更为深入。 对于文化程度不高,文字表达有一定困难的调查对象,不宜采用无结构问卷进行调查,而且问卷所收集到的资料也难以数量化,难以进行统计分析。研究者需要具有较高的研究分析能力,才可能从回收的问卷中作出判断和分析。因此,这类问卷多适合于作进一步深入调查时使用。

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