推荐回答(1个)
正常人浅表淋巴结很小,直径多在0.5厘米以内,表面光滑、柔软,与周围组织无粘连,亦无压痛,平时是“风平浪静”的。但当某处淋巴结肿大或有其它异常时,表明所属区域器官有病变发生。当细菌从受伤处进入你的机体时,淋巴细胞会产生淋巴因子和抗体有效地杀灭细菌。“斗争”的结果是淋巴结内淋巴细胞和组织细胞反应性增生,使淋巴结肿大,称为淋巴结反应性增生,能引起淋巴结反应性增生的还有病毒、某些化学药物、代谢的毒性产物、变性的组织成分及异物等。癌症经淋巴转移时,也会引起淋巴结肿大,先聚集于边缘窦,以后生长繁殖而累及整个淋巴结。
淋巴结遍布全身,只有比较表浅的部位才可触及。颈部、颌下、锁骨上窝、腋窝、腹股沟等最易摸到。当淋巴结肿大时,可摸到皮肤下有圆形、椭圆形或条索状的结节。如在颌下摸到肿大的淋巴结,表示口腔内有病变。如扁桃体炎、牙周炎等。颈部出现成患的球状隆起,首先应考虑到颈淋巴结核。鼻咽癌病人往往在颈部也可以摸到肿大的淋巴结。腋窝部淋巴结肿大,常揭示上肢或乳房有疾患。腹股沟淋巴结肿大是下肢、臀部有感染性疾病的信号。除此以外,还提醒人们不可忽视子宫癌、睾丸癌、直肠癌导致的病理反应。左锁骨上淋巴结肿大,多表示腹腔内有癌细胞沿胸导管上转移。如肝癌、胃癌、结肠癌等。右锁骨上淋巴结肿大,表示胸腔内有癌细胞沿右侧淋巴管向上转移。如肺癌、食道癌等。患淋巴性白血病时,全身各处淋巴结均表现肿大。
常握淋巴结肿大的性质,对于疾病的诊断也有重要意义。如系急慢性炎症,淋巴结质地柔软,能活动,与周围组织和皮肤无粘连,有游离感,急性期有红、肿、热、痛的典型症状。淋巴结结核,早期与皮肤和周围组织无粘连,病情加重可继续肿大。但不超过核桃大小,以后可粘连融合成片,发生变化,破溃,流出黄棕色脓液或豆腐渣样物质。癌肿所致淋巴结肿大多呈石头样坚硬,表现凸凹不平,与皮肤可粘连在一起,无疼痛或压痛。淋巴性白血病,肿大的淋巴结能活动、不粘性、光滑、不硬、不痛,也不化脓破溃。
要去医院先确认原因才能对症治疗
你可以吃一些消炎的药.还有一个办法就是取一个仙人掌来,把它捣烂后用沙布把仙人掌扶在颈部淋巴上.过几天就会好的.
急性淋巴结炎多继发于其他化脓性感染病灶,由致病菌沿淋巴管侵入淋巴结所引起,常见于颈、腋窝和腹股沟部.属中医“痰毒”范畴,包括中医的颈痈、腋痈和胯腹痈.
病因病理
中医学认为本病多感受风热湿毒等六淫之邪,或素有脏腑积热,复经金刃外伤或擦破皮肤感染毒邪,或恣食膏巢厚味,内有湿热火毒,致使气血被毒邪塞塞于皮肉之间,继而炼液成痰,痰毒互阻,结块而肿.若风毒痰火上攻,则发为“颈痈”,若肝胃积热凝聚,则发为“腋痈”,若肝胆漫热下注,则发为“胯腹痈”.
西医认为本病的主要病原体是化脓性细苗.致病菌主要为链球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌.当人体受到意外伤害或继发于其他化脓性感染时,化脓性细菌沿淋巴管侵入局部淋巴结,可引起急性炎症性病变.主要病理变化为淋巴结充血、水肿渗出,有凝固的淋巴液和细菌.
由于淋巴液是分区汇集于特定区域的淋巴结,所以一定部位的原发感染仅能造成一定部位的淋巴结炎.所以本病多发生于颈部,腋下及腹股沟部。淋巴结感染后,可引起淋巴结周围炎,粘连成团,并可发展成为脓肿.
治疗
(一)普通康复疗法
注意休息,清淡饮食,积极处理原发病灶。
(二)中医分型与中药治法
1.风热痰毒
肿块发生在颌颈部,全身恶寒发热,头痛,咽痛,口干.苔薄白或薄黄,脉浮敷.
[治法] 疏风清热,化痰消肿.
[方药] 牛蒡解肌汤加减:牛蒡子16克,薄荷12克,金银花16克,连翘13克,夏枯草12克,荆芥12克,玄参12克,浙贝12克,僵蚕12克,生甘草12克.若热甚可加黄芩、山栀、板蓝根,便秘加大黄.
2.肝郁痰火
肿块发生在腋下,全身发热,头痛,胸胁牵痛,口苦咽干.舌虹,苔黄,脉弦数,
[治法] 清肝解郁,化痰散结.
[方药] 柴胡清肝汤加减:柴胡12克,川楝于12克,黄芩12克,生地16克,玄胡12克,牛蒡子12克,瓜蒌皮12克,浙贝12克,连翘12克,夏枯草12克,生甘草7克.若肝火甚,小便短赤,大便秘结者可加大黄、龙胆草、车前子.
3,温热蕴结
肿块发生在腹股沟部,全身发热,患肢拘急,小便黄热
[治法] 清热解毒,利湿消肿.苔黄腻,脉敷,
[方药] 五神汤合草薢渗湿汤加减,紫花地丁12克,蒲公英12克,忍冬蘑16克,黄柏12克,车前于12克,生苡仁16克,川牛膝12克,浙贝母12克,川楝于12克.
4.热胜酿脓
局部皮肤红肿发亮,发热疼痛,肿块变软,有波动应指感。全身发热,口干舌红,苔黄,脉滑数。
[治法] 清热排脓.
[方药] 根据发生部位的不同,在以上三型方药中,加皂角刺12克,炙山甲12克,天花粉16克.余毒凝滞
全身症状消退,局部红肿热痛减轻,肿块僵硬缩小.舌淡红,苔薄白,脉细.
[治法] 清除余毒,化痰散瘀,
[方药] 金铃于散加味,川楝子12克,玄胡12克,忍冬藤16克,丹参10克,桃仁12克,浙贝母12克,白芥于12克,皂角刺12克,生甘草7克
(三)现代西医西药治疗方法
可先用青霉素和链霉素等广谱抗生素。对青霉素、链霉素过敏者,可用红霉素也可选用甲硝唑(灭滴灵).
(四)局部治疗
(1)红肿期可用荚蓉膏或化毒散软膏外敷,脓肿形成后,应切开排脓或可用铁箍散软膏与化毒散软膏各半调匀外敷。
(2)破溃后可用甲字提毒药捻,朱红纱条换药.若脓毒已尽,可外用甘乳膏,促其收口.
(五)单方,验方
(1)鲜菊花叶适量,加红糖少许,捣烂,外敷患处。每日2换.
(2)藤黄50克研末,置瓶中,再加75%酒精300毫升,盖紧,摇荡之,用棉球蘸液涂患处3~4次.用于未化脓时。
预防与护理
积极防治原发病灶。凡患有疖、足癣时,应避免搔抓;积极治疗,若治疗不及时,可继发感染发生本病。
参考资料:http://px.zgmrls.com/wenzhang/article_view.asp?id=1226
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