云南蒙古人的历史

2025-03-13 23:46:39
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

云南的蒙古族是元朝随军至滇后落籍通海的。公元1253年,元世祖忽必烈率10万大军自宁夏六盘山出发,经甘肃,进入四川。渡金沙江入滇,结束了大理国在云南的统治, 统一了云南。
1254年,忽必烈班师回朝,留大将兀良合台镇守云南,继续征服其余未降部落。1255年,兀良合台先后攻取了滇东北不花合国、阿合因、滇东、滇北及通海、建水一带。元朝统一后,留下了众多蒙兵屯守,一部分官兵就居住在今天的白阁村后凤凰山上。
1283年在通海境内曲陀关建立了“临安、广西、元江等处宣慰司都元帅府”,在河西镇的曲陀关、大寨及今九街乡的鞑靼营成了蒙古军的主要驻 扎地。元朝中后期,蒙古族中的一部分人迁到河西城等地居住,一部分人则迁居凤山脚下。
1381年,明太祖朱元璋的征西大军进入云南,元朝政权彻底溃败,住在云南的蒙古军被击溃,四散各地,纷纷隐姓埋名,变服从俗,融入其他民族中。唯有镇守通海曲陀关的部分蒙古族官兵想尽办法逐步会聚在杞麓湖西岸,成为一个蒙古族聚居区,繁衍生息到现在。 散居的蒙古人多改为汉族,逐渐融合于汉族和其他民族之中,住在河西城、鞑靼营等地的蒙古族居民则搬迁到凤山脚下,渔户村(今兴蒙乡)成为云南蒙古族最大的聚居地。
兴蒙乡是1987年经省政府批准正式成立的民族乡,位于通海县秀丽的杞麓湖畔,凤山脚下,有5个自然村,全乡共有1737户5479人(1998年),其中蒙古族有5338人,占98%。
据历史学者云南会泽包世福保存的清朝康熙至民国年间的《包姓族谱》记载:云南省昆明市、宣威市、昭通市、东川市、曲靖市 会泽县等地的一万多蒙古族裔包姓,祖籍蒙古归化城土默特,是元太祖子孙俺答汗后裔,明末清初土默特部长,奇源(明朝人侮辱贬称为乞颜)部,包姓(蒙语读包罗特)包尔之金(明朝人侮辱贬称为孛儿只斤)氏,包·俄木布长子包罗皇台吉,于清朝顺治元年,从山西大同边外随伊拜所率清军追击李自成大顺军,顺治二年镇守西安,包罗次子包承祚在康熙十二年随西安将军瓦尔喀平三藩入四川阻击吴三桂,后与赵良栋征云南,康熙二十年克昆明,镇守宣威。包承祚长孙包振德雍正八年在云南省东川府会泽县者家海平定夷乱,改土归流进行军屯,开拓包堡地,在南银崖采办银矿,富甲一方,后裔世居云南省会泽县者海镇,蒙古族裔包姓为避免民族压迫被孤立歧视,隐瞒蒙古族籍,与汉人世代通婚,宣威曲靖等地的包姓族人受包公文化影响,崇敬包拯,有的冒称是包公后人,与包拯后裔宣威一支联宗修谱,融入包拯后裔汉族支系,近代蒙古族裔包姓,生活习惯与汉族一样,解放后政府没有调查,直接登记为汉族,时至今日,大多数人已不知道自己是蒙古族裔了。
会泽县蒙古族裔有元太祖后裔包姓;王保保后裔保姓;木华黎后裔木姓;阿喇帖木儿后裔官姓;玉里伯雅兀·不花铁木儿后裔余姓共五姓。
明初纳西族首领阿得归顺朝廷,朱元璋赐与纳西族走婚的蒙古人木华黎后裔阿得为木姓,及和硕特和姓元姓和普米族郭姓同为蒙古族裔。

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