无缝钢管表面裂缝怎么预防

2025-03-25 06:17:29
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

一、原料因素 质量较差的管坯会出现内、外翘皮,结疤、裂缝等;

二、温度因素 无缝钢管生产的第一道重要工序是加热,加热不良(不均匀、温度不够等)会引起内翘皮等;

三、设备因素 从出炉开始,每一设备部件,都会影响管材的最终质量。如,设备部件的碰刮,会引起外翘皮、凹坑;进穿孔机不顺利,会造成管坯头部受水淋而咬入困难或头部内翘皮;.....

四、工艺问题 工艺问题中也相当复杂,有调整的问题,有设备故障的问题、还有就是工艺部件(顶头、导板、轧辊等)磨损后产生的管材质量问题。造成的问题是包罗万象的。

因此说,就一个缺陷的产生,可能的原因会有几十种情况,如果不看到实物或不在生产现场,往往比较难以说的清楚具体的原因。

回答2:

标准中规定了无缝钢管的“表面光洁”的要求。常见的缺陷有:裂纹、发纹、内折、外折、轧破、内直道、外直道、离层、结疤、凹坑、凸包、麻坑(麻面)、刮伤(擦伤)、内螺旋道、外螺旋道、青线、矫凹、辊印等。其中裂纹、内折、外折、轧破、离层、结疤、凹坑、凸包等位危险缺陷;钢管的麻面、青线、擦伤、轻微的内外直道、轻微的内外螺旋、矫凹、辊印为一般性缺陷.
管坯质量缺陷其及预防:
1.连铸生产管坯
连铸圆管坯纵向裂纹的原因如下:
a、水口和结晶器不对中而产生的偏流对管坯凝固坯壳的冲刷;
b、保护渣融化不良,液渣层过后活过薄,导致渣膜薄厚不均,使管坯凝固壳过薄;
c、结晶器液面振动;
d、钢中的S P含量,S>0.02%,P>0.017%时,钢的高温强度和塑性明显降低,管坯表面连铸圆管坯纵向裂纹的原因如下:
a、水口和结晶器不对中而产生的偏流对管坯凝固坯壳的冲刷;
b、保护渣融化不良,液渣层过后活过薄,导致渣膜薄厚不均,使管坯凝固壳过薄;
c、结晶器液面振动;
d、钢中的S P含量,S>0.02%,P>0.017%时,钢的高温强度和塑性明显降低,管坯表面发生纵裂的趋势增大;
e、钢中的C含量,在0.12-0.17%时,管坯的表面发生纵裂的倾向增大;
防止连铸圆管坯产生表面纵裂纹的措施主要有以下几个方面:
a) 保证水口和结晶器对中;
b) 结晶器波面振动要在±10mm以内;
c) 确保合适的浸入式水口插入度;
d) 采用合适的结晶器锥度;
e) 结晶器与二次冷却区上部对弧要准;
f) 选择性能优异的保护渣;
g) 采用热顶结晶器。
管坯横裂纹位于铸坯内弧表面振痕的波谷处,通常是隐藏看不见的。横裂纹产生的原因大体包括以下几个方面:
a) 振痕太深是连铸管坯横裂纹的发源地
b) 钢中的Al Nb 含量增加,促使质点(AlN)在晶界沉淀,诱发连铸圆管坯横裂纹产生。
c) 连铸管坯在脆性温度900-700°C时矫直
d) 二次冷却强度过大

防止连铸圆管坯产生表面横裂纹大方法如下:
a) 结晶器采用高频率、小振幅的以减小铸内弧的振痕深度;
b) 二次冷却区采用平稳的弱冷却制度,以确保矫直时连铸管坯的表面温度大于900°C;
c) 确保结晶器的液面稳定;
d) 采用润滑性能良好、黏度较低的保护渣。

连铸圆管坯的表面网状裂纹只有在酸洗完后才可以看的见其产生原因如下:
a) 高温铸坯吸收了结晶器的铜,而铜变成液体之后在沿奥氏体晶界渗透;
b) 表面铁皮的选择性氧化使钢中的残余元素(Cu Sn)残留在管坯表面并沿晶界渗透而形成裂纹;
防止连铸圆管坯的表面网状裂纹产生方法:
a) 结晶器表面镀铬或Ni以增强其表面硬度
b) 采用合适的二次冷却水量
c) 控制钢中的残余元素
d) 控制Mn/S值

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