原始社会重要彩陶类型有哪些

2024-12-04 10:00:35
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在原始社会时期中,人们发现土的可塑性,火的发明,更是促使了陶器的产生。其中,彩陶以其简洁流畅的造型和多姿多彩的纹样,在原始艺术中绽放着夺目的光彩。
那么,我国原始社会主要有哪些类型彩陶?
仰韶文化彩陶
仰韶文化彩陶的类型一般可分为两种:半坡型彩陶和庙底沟型彩陶。

半坡型彩陶。时间为公元前4800~前4300年,于1953年首次在陕西西安市半坡村被发现,因而得名。形状有圜底盆或钵、卷唇盆以及折腹盆、细颈大腹壶、葫芦形器等。其纹饰主要有:动物纹,几何纹,编织纹。另外,在彩陶钵口沿的黑色宽带纹上,饰有各种符号,或许代表着不同的意义,又或者是某种特定的记号。
庙底沟型彩陶。年代为公元前3900年前后,于1953年在河南陕县庙底沟被发现。以盆、钵、瓶为主,还有瓮、罐等。其纹饰有:植物纹、动物纹、编织纹、几何纹。
马家窑文化彩陶
马家窑文化彩陶一般分为三个类型:马家窑型彩陶、半山型彩陶、马厂型彩陶。
马家窑型彩陶。年代为公元前3300~前2900年,于1924年在甘肃临洮县马家窑村被发现,器形以盆、钵、罐、壶为主,出现一个特征就是尖底器基本消失。其纹饰有:人物纹、动物纹。

半山型彩陶。年代为公元前2650~前2350年,于1924年在甘肃和政县(今临夏回族自治州)半山地区被发现。器形有短颈广肩鼓腹罐、单把壶、敛口钵、敞口平底小碗等。其纹饰有锯齿纹、网纹及鱼、贝、人、蛙等形的纹样,比较典型的是锯齿螺旋纹、波浪纹、锯齿纹。此外,有的器物盖纽还被塑成人首形。
马厂型彩陶。年代为公元前2350~前2050年,于1924年秋在青海民和县马厂塬被发现。器形基本沿袭半山类型的造型,不过与半山比起来,还是显得高耸、秀美。其纹饰有同心圆纹、菱形纹、人形蛙纹、平行线纹、回纹、钩连纹等。

另外,大汶口文化、大溪文化、屈家岭文化、齐家文化等遗址中也出土有彩陶。只是这些地方的彩陶,不管是在数量、规模,还是在艺术水平上,都与上述文化类型有一定的

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