推荐回答(1个)
历史上范睢是小人么?秦国丞相范睢一直以来是个备受争议的人物,他虽然以他的胆识和谋略得到了秦王的赏识,但是害死忠臣白起却成了他人生抹不去的污点。当时秦王为什么杀白起?范睢为什么进谗让嬴稷杀白起?
秦王为什么杀白起
作为一名将军,白起征战沙场三十余年,立下战功无数,他无疑是出色的、优秀的;作为一名臣子,白起高居武安君之位,为秦王讨伐六国,他也是厉害的。然而,对于秦昭王来说,正是因为白起如此的优秀、厉害,出色到足以撼动自己的地位。于是,秦王决定杀掉白起。
其实,归根结底的说来,秦王之所以要杀白起,是因为以下几点:
第一,白起的功劳太过强大。白起,身为将军,为秦王统一六国立下汗马功劳,完全可以称得上是“功高盖主”,然而,“枪打出头鸟”,早已有人盯上白起,迫不及待的想要白起去死。这个人便是范睢。范睢是秦国的相侯,身为文职为秦国出谋划力。然而,就是这样,范睢也害怕白起损害自己的利益,所以,常年在秦王的身边说着白起的坏话,迫使秦王与白起的误会愈加深重。最后,因为,秦王在外征战,想要白起去指挥,白起不想去。然后秦王爆发了,一气之下赐死了白起。
还有一点的原因,是白起本身的性格造成的。白起一生领军打仗无数,身为“关西名将”,也因为“长平之战”一战成名。但是,白起毕竟是将军统帅,是位有血有肉的汉子。虽然,长平之战后,白起坑杀赵国四十多万的降卒,但是也许并不是他的本意,据《史记》记载,白起曾经是有请求过秦王的。所以,白起自知作孽深重,便不再领军攻打赵国。白起便是因为这样被秦王赐死。
范睢是小人么
范雎原是魏国人,早年家境贫寒,虽有满腹经纶,却因不名一文,无以自资,范雎只好暂时投靠魏国中大夫须贾的门下。
范雎和须贾一同出使齐国,到了齐国以后范雎因为其过人的胆识和辩才,而深受齐王的赏识,并以黄金和牛、马等赏赐给他,在一旁的须贾则被冷落了,觉得丢了脸面的齐王回国之后,诬陷范雎跟齐国蹿通,泄露魏国的秘密。结果,魏相大怒,把范雎差点打死,范雎在好友郑安平的帮助下才得以逃生,转而将范雎介绍给秦国的谒者王稽,范雎化名为张禄随着王稽潜逃到了秦国。
把范雎引荐给了秦昭王,说范雎是个天下无敌的能辩之士。于是秦昭王款待了范雎,范雎知道自己对秦国了解得不透,伤了秦昭王的自尊,于是静下心来,搜集秦国各方面的情况,范雎觉得完全了解了秦国后,就给秦昭王写了一篇如何治理国家的奏章。
秦昭王看后大悦,拜范雎为客卿,并且按照他的计策,把韩国、魏国作为主要的进攻目标。秦国按照范雎所提出的“远交近攻”的战略,实施了几年,取得了显著成效,辅佐秦昭王消除内部隐患。于是秦昭王把穰侯撤了职,穰侯、华阳君、泾阳君、高陵君被逐回封地,又不让太后参朝,正式拜范雎为相。随后,范雎又被封为应侯。
随着秦国的逐步强大,魏王已经感受到秦国的威胁,听说秦国将要攻打韩、魏两国,更是十分惊慌。于是魏齐派须贾出使秦国求和,求和不成,须贾被逐出之前范雎大摆酒宴,但是把须贾当牛马侮辱了一番。
范雎由于其坎坷的经历和个人性格,也暴露出一些缺点,恩怨太过分明,“一饭之德必偿,睚眦之怨必报”成为他的座右铭。
其实范雎一生最有污点的一件事就是,在白起大破长平之后,范雎接受了韩赵两国的巨额贿赂。范雎以秦兵疲惫,急待休养为由,向秦昭王请求与韩赵两国求和,得到秦昭王准许。白起因此作战消极,最后含恨自刎。
不论怎么样去评价范雎,在历史的洪流中,每一件事情的发生总有他的因果。范雎的存在,使秦统一了六国。尽管他在政治品格上存在瑕疵,但智谋深远,在政治、外交等方面极有建树,范雎仍不失为秦国历史上继往开来的一代名相。
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