推荐回答(1个)
工艺流程
浸泡→磨浆(过滤)→煮浆→点浆→蹲脑→破脑→压制→切片→卤制→烘干→调味→包装→杀菌
1.2 工艺操作要点
1.2.1 浸泡
条件:挑出虫蛀、霉变、发黑的大豆,准确称取饱满、均匀、有光泽的优质大豆,用自来水(料水比1:1,以干豆质量计)清洗大豆2次,然后将大豆完全浸泡于水中(料水比1:3),一般夏季浸泡约6-8h (25-35 ℃),春季和秋季10-20h,冬季20-30 h (0-10 ℃),中途换水1-3次。
1.2.2 磨浆
条件:将浸泡好的大豆尽可能沥水,再次筛选出虫蛀、霉变、发黑的大豆,再用自来水(料水比1:2,以干豆质量计)清洗大豆2次,用滤网沥水静置2min。按照一定料水比(干豆:自来水)=1:8,进行2次磨浆,100目过滤,得到生豆浆。在使用磨浆机时,注意一边加大豆一边加水,调整好加入量,保证磨浆机的正常运转。
1.2.3 煮浆
条件:于95℃下煮10 min,至豆浆表面形成黄色的脂肪蛋白膜,豆香味溢出。煮浆时需不停搅拌,以防粘锅产生较重的糊味。
1.2.4 点浆
条件:按MgCl2:自来水=1:4配制好卤水,再按卤水:生豆浆量=1.25:100进行点浆。点浆温度为85℃。点浆时注意缓慢加入卤水,边加入边用大滤勺上下倒搅,搅拌需缓慢进行,速度不能太快,防止乱搅,当出现均匀的芝麻大小的豆花时停止点浆。
1.2.5 蹲脑
条件:于85℃蹲脑10 min,直至黄浆水析出,小豆花凝聚成大块豆花。
1.2.6 破脑
条件:蹲脑后将表面黄浆水除去一部分,用搅蛋刷搅动豆花,将大块的豆花重新搅成均匀的芝麻大小,以保证压制豆腐的均匀性和细腻口感。
改进:调整破脑搅拌程度(用搅蛋刷尽量搅散,直至芝麻大点的豆花,一般情况下,豆花越小、压制后的豆干越细腻)。
1.2.7压制
条件:85℃趁热压制15-20 min,分时段压制。将包布平坦的铺在压模中,留出多余的布,趁热将豆花均匀地倒入,用搅蛋刷尽量捣匀捣平坦,均匀地一层层盖住包布,放上压板,用千斤顶压制,至豆腐中无水压出。
1.2.8切片
要求:先切成大块,方便卤制,在调味前根据花色品种的不同,再切成不同大小、形状的豆腐干。切片之后选出不合格的白胚。
1.2.9卤制
基本配方(g/1000 g水):八角2.0g,桂皮1.0 g,陈皮0.4g,干姜1.2 g,小茴香1.4g,香叶0.4 g,丁香0.8g,草果0.2 g,砂仁0.2g,肉豆蔻0.4 g,山奈0.4g,酱油0.6-1.5%,盐2-2.5%。
条件:90-95℃卤制1 h,或者60-80℃卤制5-8 h。(卤水的循环使用:为提高卤料的利用率,选择粉末状。按照卤制后减少的卤水量计算,第2次加入相应的卤料1-3倍,第3次加入相应的卤料2-4倍,共使用3-5次)。
1.2.10烘干
条件:将经过卤制的豆腐干放入烘箱中于60℃下干燥3.5 h,或70℃、2 h,80℃、50 min。烘烤之后选出不合格的胚形并测盐份。
1.2.11调味
将香辛料放入一定温度的食用油中制备出各种风味的调味油。按比例称取味精、白砂糖粉、鸡精粉等粉状物料,先将这些物料加入豆腐干中拌匀,然后加入不同调味油和及其他液体物料。
1.2.12包装
采用真空包装方式对调味后的豆腐干进行包装。
1.2.13杀菌
条件:121℃下杀菌30 min。杀菌之后做菌检并剔除破袋等不良品。

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