推荐回答(4个)
斑鬣狗号称非洲二哥,是非洲草原上仅次于狮子的大型食肉动物,明明实力不俗,却因奇葩的猎杀方式而臭名昭著。下面我从科学角度给大家解释下鬣狗为什么钟情于掏肛。
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掏肛的本质
所谓掏肛,是指鬣狗噬咬猎物的大腿、腹股沟和肚子,导致猎物肛门脱落,肠子流出来,最终失血过多而死。在人类看来这种猎杀方式的确是非常残忍,大猫无论是锁喉、咬后颈还是咬头骨(美洲虎),都能做到一击致命,给猎物个痛快的。更过分的是,掏肛有时并不能立即杀死猎物,只是导致猎物丧失行动能力,掏肛之后接下来就是活吃。
斑鬣狗掏肛针对的是较大的猎物,主要是角马、大捻角羚这些200-300千克级别的,更大的猎物如犀牛和河马偶尔也会遭到鬣狗掏肛的围攻。对小型猎物如黑斑羚、跳羚和汤氏瞪羚,体重都在100千克以下,通常不会掏肛,直接就咬死了。
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鬣狗为什么钟情于掏肛?
锁喉是猫科动物的专利,鬣狗是不会锁喉的。虽然有时我们也观察到鬣狗咬羚羊脖子,但那不是锁喉,只是撕开皮肉而已,本质和咬其他部位没什么区别。鬣狗的猎杀方式就是通过撕咬给猎物放血,用最短时间使猎物丧失行动能力。它们选择掏肛的方式对付大型猎物,是有多种原因的。
首先,我们常用“软肋”一词来形容食物的弱点和缺陷,任何动物的腹部和腹股沟部位都是柔弱的,鬣狗选这个地方下嘴势必事半功倍。而且有蹄动物主要防御器官是头上的角,身后防御很薄弱,就算是犀牛这样的巨兽也没有办法用后腿杀伤鬣狗,所以掏肛是相对安全的猎杀方式。鬣狗对斑马通常就不会掏肛,因为斑马蹄子尖锐,后腿踢力很强。
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其次,与鬣狗的狩猎方式有关。猫科是伏击型猎手,不擅长追逐,它们埋伏在隐蔽处,待猎物走近忽然冲出来,自然是锁喉最高效。而鬣狗是追击型猎手,耐力十足,喜欢长距离追捕猎物,它们通常是从猎物身后撵上,下嘴的地方多选在猎物后半身也就不足为奇了。
再次,与鬣狗的身高有关。根据在克鲁格公园、卡拉哈里和夸祖鲁-纳塔尔多地的测量,斑鬣狗肩高在70-90厘米之间,平均80厘米。这样鬣狗的嘴刚好咬到一米左右的部位,正好是大型有蹄类腹部和腹股沟所在的位置,下嘴很方便。鬣狗对付长颈鹿和大象就没法掏肛了,所以通常也不打它们的主意。
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最后,鬣狗钟爱掏肛也与群体狩猎方式有关。有的攻前、有的攻后,这是群居捕食者惯用的狩猎套路,有的个体负责从身后咬下体是很自然的。
通过上面的分析我们可以发现,鬣狗对付大型猎物再也没有比掏肛更合适的法子了,既然如此,鬣狗何乐而不为呢?
因为这是祖辈们传下来的捕猎手法,众所周知肛门是生物最脆弱的地方,这里受到伤害就没办法复原,甚至会引起其他器官的坏死,导致被捕食者死亡,所以在食肉动物当中,唯有斑鬣狗会用掏肛这种招式
因为斑鬣狗体型小。成年斑鬣狗长一米到1.6厘米左右,相比其它的动物,它的体型是非常的小。它的狩猎方式是采用长时间追捕的。
因为这种动物是群居动物,而且它只有通过这种方式才能够战胜自己的敌人或者食物
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