范仲淹轰轰烈烈的庆历新政是毁在两个猪队友之手:是石介和欧阳修吗?
推荐回答(1个)
庆历年间,吕夷简罢相,宋仁宗对进行朝廷中枢做了较大的调整。宋仁宗以晏殊和章得象共担宰相,并将范仲淹、韩琦、夏竦等人调入京城,后来以范仲淹任参知政事,杜衍任枢密使,富弼和韩琦为枢密副使,而原打算任枢密使的夏竦却还没有上任就被外放。
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范仲淹和韩琦
当范仲淹、富弼、韩琦、杜衍、欧阳修等人纷纷上任之时,轰轰烈烈的庆历新政也将拉开序幕。庆历三年(1043年)九月,范仲淹向宋仁宗递交了《答手诏条陈十事》的奏章,。十月,宋仁宗下诏开始实施新政。不过,新政仅实施半年,朝廷之中开始兴起朋党的争议,范仲淹、富弼、韩琦、杜衍等改革派纷纷被弹劾结党。在压力之下,范仲淹与韩琦等人继续深化改革。庆历四年(1044年)六月,富弼深陷谋反案,于八月自求外调出京。庆历五年(1045年)正月之后,范仲淹、韩琦、杜衍纷纷被罢职,外调出京,庆历新政走向失败。
整个庆历新政的过程不过仅一年零四个月时间,很多措施压根没来得及实施就宣告失败。这不免让人觉得惋惜,甚至觉得有点虎头蛇尾的感觉。
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那么庆历新政为何会失败呢?说起原因,很多人或许会想到是新政触犯旧地主、旧贵族势力的利益,最终导致失败,其实未必。原因有两点:
1.先看看改革派的阵容你就明白了,晏殊是富弼的岳父,章得象虽不属改革派,但也绝对不是旧势力代表,范仲淹、杜衍、富弼、韩琦已都是副相之职,欧阳修、蔡襄等御史也是支持变法的。这么一看,改革派已经把整个朝廷中枢几个重要的官职都占了,朝廷之事除了宋仁宗之外,都是改革派说了算,宋仁宗本人也已支持变法。都说反对派强大如斯,其实反对派的领袖人物能数出名字的也就贾昌朝、夏竦等几个人,但此时这些人的权势绝对比不上改革派。
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范仲淹
2.庆历新政很多政令根本就没有来得及实施,又怎么会触犯到所谓的旧势力的利益呢?与王安石变法不同,王安石变法十几年,早已影响到宋朝的每一个角落。庆历新政大多数政令是胎死腹中,根本就不会触犯到多少人的利益,自然也不会真有多少人会反对。
所以我不认为庆历新政失败的原因跟所谓的旧势力有多大关系。其真正原因是庆历四年(1044年)四年兴起的朋党之争。有意思的是,这场朋党之争虽然是反对改革的大臣弹劾改革派引起的,但最早抛出这个话题的却是改革派的一个超级粉丝石介。
石介是北宋时代著名的思想家、理学先驱者,他与富弼、欧阳修、范仲淹等人交情非常深厚。范仲淹、韩琦等人回朝主持变法时,石介任国子监直讲,即在国子监当老师。不过,石介在朝廷中却没有任职,不参与变法,他对庆历新政也比较支持,所以说他是庆历新政的一个超级粉丝。
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韩琦
石介对庆历新政的拉开序幕可谓是欣喜若狂,跟打了鸡血一样,写了一篇赋,叫《庆历圣德颂》。在这篇赋中,石介对富弼、欧阳修、范仲淹等改革派人物大唱赞歌,却贬低保守派。石介在国子监讲学,手下有数千青年学子,影响力不小。这篇赋一经流传,很快就传到朝堂之上,引起轩然大波。
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