推荐回答(3个)
主要还是吃草,另外喂些粮食就行。如果实在要买,有专门的马饲料卖。
——军马的饲料标准——
军马的饲养是一项科学而细致的工作。饲养的好坏对马的体质与健康有着直接关系。因此,要结合实际情况,对军马进行科学的饲养。
一、饲料
(一)、饲料的种类和特点
饲料种类根据其营养不同,可分为精饲料、粗饲料和矿物质饲料三类。
1、精饲料(俗称“料”)
体积小,营养丰富。主有豆类、麸皮类和谷物(杂粮)等。
(1)豆类:主要有豆粒、豆饼、豆粕三种。豆粒营养价值高,含蛋白质、脂肪多,马爱吃,好消化。豆饼营养价值也较高。其蛋白质丰富、有香味。好的豆饼砸开后其色彩鲜艳,无霉味,不好的豆饼呈绿霉色,有油酸味。豆粕要煮熟或炒熟后方可喂马。
(2)麸皮类:主要有麦麸、大米糠。麦麸含有比较丰富的蛋白质和淀粉,质地松软,味香,马爱吃。但因其含磷多,含钙少,有轻泻作用,因此不可多喂。皮糠的营养价值同麦麸,喂马不如麦麸好。
(3)谷物类:主要有燕麦、大麦、玉米和高粱。玉米和高粱由于其含淀粉多蛋白质少,须与豆类搭配饲喂。玉米的日喂量不要超过精饲料的1/3,高粱不超过2/3即可。
2、粗饲料(俗称草)
这种饮料中含有大量容易消化的纤维素,适合马匹膨大的肠容积,是马必须的主要饮料。常用的有谷草、稻草、麦桔和野草等。谷草,其营养价值高、质脆、适口性强。好的谷草色浅黄或微带绿色、有光泽、茎内洁白,有清香味。
3、矿物质(食盐、石粉)饲料
食盐,是食草兽生理上不可缺少的物质,它能增进食欲,帮助消化,促进新陈代谢,增强身体的持久力和抗暑能力。适当增喂还可以预防肠便秘,但用量过大会引起中毒。正常饲喂量每匹马50克左右。天冷时可适当少喂。夏季炎热或重役进可适当多喂。石粉,是补充体内钙质的特殊饮料,常用它预防马匹骨软症的发生。饲喂量一般每马每天50~75克。
(二)饲料的选用
饲料是养好军马的物质基础,选用好饮料是做好饲养工作的重要环节。选用饲料的原则是:无霉变、营养多、马爱吃、易消化。选用时应根据当时当地情况,使饲料能合理搭配(精饲料:谷、豆、麸比例为50:25:25),保证足够的营养需要量。
(三)饲料的保管
饲料保管要做到防潮、防霉、防虫、防鼠、防火、防毒。
1、草原保管
无论何种马草,均应充分晒干后存放。在棚内和露天进行堆垛应选在高处尽量避免马草与地面接触,垛底划铺石头和树枝。草垛四周须挖排水沟。马草可堆成长方垛,贺锥垛但无论采取何种堆垛法,上面均须加盖草苫和草帘,并使之密实,以防漏雨。还要用长木或绳子固定,拴系牢固,以防大风吹掉垛顶。为了防火,草垛与房屋之间、草垛与草垛之间应有一定距离。
2、料的保管
马料应晒干扬净,放入箱、桶、缸或麻袋内,置于通风干燥、清洁的房间内,垛好。
(四)饮料的调制]
饲料的调制,就是在饲喂前对饲料的加工处理。
1、料的调制
马料经过适当调制,能改善味道,使马爱吃,且能充分消化吸收。调制的方法有:
(1)筛选:凡谷实类饲料都要筛选,除去泥沙等杂质。
(2)碾碎:对坚硬的玉米、稻谷等还要碾碎。
(3)浸泡:豆饼、豆子都可以浸泡,但泡的时间不能过长,以免发酵酸败。
(4)蒸煮:豆子可以蒸煮,一般煮到七八成熟可以喂马。豆粕必须煮熟。此外还有焙炒、发芽两种调制方法。
2、草原调制
马草必须铡碎方可饲喂。铡草前必须抖掉草上的尘土,拣出霉草、毒草和杂物。铡切时应先除去根部(玉米秆去两头)。然后铡短,铡草应不过寸,以提高饲草的利用率。铡过的草,喂前必须认真过筛,除去尘砂。鲜草要现喂、现铡,铡后不要存放过久
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