推荐回答(2个)
世界上有几千个民族,每个民族地域的文化大背景都是由千百年来点滴汇聚而成,于是便有了千差万别。而文化是民族之本,没有自己的文化的民族不能称其为“民族”,一个民族的兴旺发达,其标志,只能是自身的文化。饮食文化也不例外,它在世界文化的两大派系--中西文化中占有非常重要的地位。中西文化之间的差异从而造就了中西饮食文化的差异,在两种不同的文化背景下,中西方饮食习俗,不论在其观念、性质,还是在其方式、对象等诸多方面,所存在的差异是非常鲜明的。下面我就饮食礼仪这方面谈中西文化的差异。
在餐饮氛围方面,中国人吃饭时都喜欢热闹,很多人围在一起边吃边说,一起营造一种热闹温暖的用餐氛围。除非是在很正式的宴会上,中国人在餐桌上并没有什么很特别的礼仪。而宴请礼仪也各具特色。在中国,从古至今大多都以左为尊,在宴请客人时,要将地位很尊贵的客人安排在左边的上座,然后依次安排。中华民族素有热情好客的优良传统。在交际场合和酒席上,热情的中国人常常互相敬烟敬酒。中国人宴客,即使美味佳肴摆满一桌,主人也总习惯讲几句“多多包涵”等客套话。主人有时会用筷子往客人的碗里夹菜,用各种办法劝客人多吃菜、多喝酒。在食仪上,中餐一桌人团团围坐合吃一桌菜,冷拼热炒沙锅火锅摆满桌面,就餐者东吃一嘴西吃一嘴,几道菜同时下肚,这都与西餐的食仪截然不同。
而西方人在用餐时,都喜欢幽雅、安静的环境,他们认为在餐桌上的时候一定要注意自己的礼仪,不可以失去礼节,比如在进餐时不能发出很难听的声音。西方人用餐时要坐正,认为弯腰,低头,用嘴凑上去吃很不礼貌,但是这恰恰是中国人通常吃饭的方式。吃西餐的时候,主人不提倡大肆的饮酒,中国的餐桌上酒是必备之物,以酒助兴,有时为了表示对对方的尊重,喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯的喝。宴请礼仪在西方则是以右为尊,男女间隔而座,夫妇也分开而座,女宾客的席位比男宾客的席位稍高,男士要替位于自己右边的女宾客拉开椅子,以示对女士的尊重。而在交际场合上,西方国家的人们讲求尊重个人权益和个人隐私,所以他们不会做强人所难的事。吃饭的时候,绝不会硬往你碗里夹菜,自己想吃什么就吃什么,他们也不会用各种办法劝客人喝酒,不会非要你喝醉了为止。食仪方面,西方奉行分餐制。首先是各点各的菜,想吃什么点什么,这也表现了西方对个性的尊重。及至上菜后,人各一盘各吃各的,各自随意添加调料,一道菜吃完后再吃第二道菜,前后两道菜绝不混吃。这些都体现了“分别”与“和合”的中西文化的根本差异。
总言之,造成中西文化冲突现象的原因多种多样,我觉得其根本就是因为中西双方有着不同的文化、不同的历史背景,才带来人们思想、行为等多方面的差异,甚至是冲突。为了不给大家造成误解,除了从饮食文化方面,我们还应了解更多习俗,中西方才能扬长避短。也只有交流,才有可能了解,以促进中西文化的共同发展。
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