推荐回答(3个)
主要的术后并发症有:
1.下肢疼痛未消失去:可能患病时间太长,神经受压过久,或者压迫太厉害,导致神经根炎症不能消退,功能难以恢复。(术后给予充分的营养神经药物,大多患者会有较满意的好转。)或患者术后活动不当,或神经根管狭窄压迫未解除。若术后疼痛消失,一段时间以后复发,或健侧肢体出现疼痛,最常见的原因是继发退行性改变、不稳引起椎管或神经根管狭窄,或其它节段有新的突出或狭窄。
2.腰痛未消失:尤其老年患者,大多合并有骨质疏松和腰肌劳损,治疗好腰椎管狭窄毛病后,仅仅解决了导致腰痛的一个毛病,其它疾病仍然存在。所以手术后腰痛还会存在。骨质疏松需要长期药物治疗,腰肌劳损需要坚持不懈的锻炼才会见效。
3.手术后少见的并发症:
(1)硬膜外血肿。较大的血肿会造成神经根及马尾受压,应及早手术清除。
(2)腰椎间隙感染。如果术后一周左右出现剧烈腰痛及腰肌痉挛,伴低热、白细胞升高,应考虑腰椎间隙感染。给予抗菌素治疗和石膏固定。
(3)另外还可能有一些远期并发症如:脊柱融合失败,内固定器械松动断裂,脊柱不稳定,脊柱畸形,神经根粘连等。
[1]
[2]
编辑本段疾病预后 一般来说,经过严格筛选的腰椎间盘突出症患者经过手术治疗以后,绝大多数效果都很满意,疼痛立即解除,感觉很快好转,肌力逐渐恢复。但少数患者仍会残留部分症状体征。
一方面,手术当中对神经根的刺激可以引起神经根水肿,使得解除压迫的效果短期内不能体现,所以术后一般短期应用激素和脱水剂以减少水肿。另一方面,如果突出的髓核块及其周围增生的组织没有去除干净,或者合并神经根管狭窄而仅摘除了髓核,有时术后仍有一定程度的坐骨神经痛。另外有部分患者同时存在脊柱不稳定因素,如果单纯摘除髓核而不作植骨融合,术后可能坐骨神经痛消失但腰痛持续存在,甚至再次出现腿痛。
还有部分患者神经受压时间很长,或者压迫严重,耽搁了手术时机,神经已发生不可逆变性,这类患者术后容易出现神经功能恢复不全,肌肉力量无法恢复正常,麻木区也可能长期存在,疼痛麻木甚至加重。
一些老年腰突症患者夹杂多种复杂的腰部病变,如腰椎间盘退变、腰椎小关节炎症、骨质疏松等,单纯摘除髓核并不能完全解决患者这些症状。术后还要依靠药物和物理疗法来治疗残余症状。
此外,有些患者同时存在软组织劳损如腰肌劳损、腰背肌筋膜炎症等引起的症状体征,坐骨神经痛解决以后,患者的注意力转移到劳损引起的疼痛上,可以通过药物和局部封闭治疗软组织疼痛。患者还要注意的就是,有些其他的疾患如脊柱肿瘤、髋关节疾病的症状很象腰椎间盘突出症,碰巧你的影像学的检查也有椎间盘的突出,造成误诊和错误的治疗,这种情况虽然很少发生,但也常有所闻。如果椎间盘手术后症状不消失,就一定要到医院去看,不能听之任之。
你的症状估计属继发性骶尾神经损伤,是术后无菌炎症侵犯骶尾神经所致,治疗不当还有可能继续恶化导致二便及性功能受累。故治疗恢复本病必须多方面考虑,从神经出发,软化瘢瘢利于神经再生修复,营养神经促使神经再生修复,兴奋激活神经再生修复神经达早日康复。需助提供资料。
````````腰椎间盘突出从症状看来是压迫神经导致脊椎供血量不足,血液不循环,引起的(腰椎,臀部屁股位置,大腿外侧)疼痛和导致小腿麻木现象,平时就不要负重,搬重物,饮食方面记得别吃酸辣,糯米!
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