推荐回答(1个)
猫为什么要吃老鼠,首先要从猫的饮食谈起。和杂食性的狗不一样,猫是纯粹的肉食动物(obligate carnivore), 这在猫的结构和生理上有很好的体现。结构上最明显的是猫的牙齿和消化系统。从牙齿结构来看,猫的犬齿特别粗和长,这样的结构适合于捕捉猎物,而且猫位于后方的上下臼齿形状形成了和剪刀类似的结构,上下闭合时能有效切割猎物,但是相对于“切割,咬碎”来说,猫牙齿的咀嚼功能就差多了 .
所以对于猫来说,高纤维e.co 难消化的植物是无法在口腔进行初步分解的。从消化系统来看,猫的肠道相对于人来说很短,没有很多的储存空间,所以就要求食物有容易消化并且能量高,非常适合蛋白的消化。生理上就和猫产生的消化酶有关系,猫能产生很多消化蛋白和脂类的消化酶,同时也就能消化各种糖类(淀粉、纤维等)的消化酶,但是猫并不能完全依赖后者提供足够的能量 。而且 ,猫并不能自己合成某些物质,如牛磺酸和维他命A,需要从别的动物里面摄取。所以,在饮食的需求来说,猫自身的结构和生理特点需要高蛋白的的食物,而各种小型动物就是非常好的选择,其中包括老鼠。
结果显示,猫带回家的猎物中,哺乳类占了69%,鸟类24%,两栖类4%,爬行类1%,还有鱼类和无脊椎动物。在哺乳类中,啮齿动物占了大概2/3,是所有动物的44.3%。而且研究人员还发现,年轻和体重较轻的猫,相比起年老和体重较重的猫,会捕捉更多的鸟类回来。可见,虽然鼠类占了猫的猎物很大一部分,但是除了他们,猫还是有很多其他选择的。
而且,从猫的驯养过程来看,很可能是“有老鼠吃”,才让野猫成为了家猫,从而让我们问“为什么猫要捉老鼠”。因为家猫是由野猫演化而来,而野猫和虽然和其它大型猫科动物一样是肉食性动物,但它却是“孤独的捕食者”----它们并不群体猎食,因此也只会捕捉比自己体型小很多的动物。因为没有群体性,人不能作为“领导者”对猫进行驯化。而猫对于人类来说“实用价值”也不大,它不象狗一样可以驯化帮助捕猎,也不能像猪羊一样圈养提供动物蛋白。所以更可能的情况是,当人类社会发展到一定阶段,谷物的贮存和其他过剩的粮食引来了成群的老鼠,而一些“机会主义猫”也因为丰富的食物来源进入到人类社会中,开始在人类眼皮底下捉起老鼠并被养成各种好看的品种。
所以综合来看,猫捉老鼠并吃老鼠是符合自身的捕食行为和营养需求的,但老鼠并不是猫的唯一食物来源----各种鸟类和爬行类可能都会成为猫的猎物。而且,很可能正是因为老鼠在人类社会的猖獗,猫才主动走进我们,跟我们生活在一起。
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