三国两晋南北朝时期历史

2025-02-13 15:43:10
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

东汉末年,天下大乱,曹操统一北方,刘备割据巴蜀,孙权收众江东,并称三国。
后魏灭蜀,内部为司马氏所取代,史称西晋。西晋灭吴,天下统一。
西晋立国不长,骄奢淫逸,后爆发八王之乱,皇室南迁,是为东晋。
北方五胡乱华,十六国并举。后一统为北魏。后分裂为东魏西魏西魏变为周,东魏为齐,统称北朝。
南方东晋后有宋齐梁陈统称南朝。
后周灭齐,后戚杨坚篡位为隋,一统天下。

回答2:

楼主为啥对这个问题感兴趣呢?我对这个倒是挺感兴趣的,最近倒是正好很粗粗的看了南北朝的历史,觉

得这真的是中国历史上一个很特殊的阶段。总体来说,如果单纯从汉族的角度来看,这是一个弱势的年代

,汉朝以来汉人尚武风气渐失,到南北朝,十六司马争权,中央汉族争权逐渐丧失凝聚力,胡,羌,鲜卑

等北方少数民族乘机大举入侵中原,我个人拙见,其根源在于曹操开的坏头吧,挟天子的事情从他开始,

司马氏内部纷纷效仿,屡试不爽,导致汉族争权一直忙于应付内部的争权夺利,有点能力的就想着挟天子

加九锡。
要说影响嘛,西晋被刘汉消灭,中原的皇族和百姓大量南迁,和江南本地大姓豪族结合形成一种新的混合

体,自然是丰富了江南的文化,促进了经济发展,加强了江南在政治上正统地位,可是这个东晋政权并没

有因为这次死里逃生而自此发奋,卧薪尝胆,从而光复中原。整体上,这是个比较消极懦弱的政权,只在开始几年让人看到点同甘共苦的气息,甚至实行过禁酒令等等,然后就慢慢习惯了偏安一隅了。其间,桓温北伐,冉魏崛起,淝水之战,刘裕北伐都是汉人一举收复中原的好机会,由于东晋内部君臣猜忌,或者由于东晋政权的不思进取而最终没有成功,东晋以后,南方证券再想以正统的身份回到中原就不可能了,南北象是平等的两个国家其中南方政权更迭更加频繁。北方在北魏,经过几任皇帝的励精图治,特别一代明主孝文帝的锐意改革,使北方的文化经济都得到很大发展,渐渐立于不败之地了。南方政权大多只求能仪仗长江天险守住半壁江山。但是在整体懦弱的政权却涌现出不少北伐名将,其中最有名的是梁朝的陈庆之,已经成功的扶植起了北魏的傀儡政权,并一举攻下洛阳。梁武帝听信元颢的谗言,放缓了增援陈庆之的步伐导致后援不足的南梁7000精兵和尔朱荣的大军死磕,最终寡不敌众,陈庆之也是侥幸逃脱。梁武帝可谓是南朝里有作为的一位皇帝了,可惜晚年迷恋佛教,盲目扬善,法纪偏废,而且忌讳忠言,对东西两魏过分依赖软实力,只想分化招降坐享其成。最终被东魏候景的一小只反叛军队灭国杀身,虽然候景后被陈武帝陈覇天消灭,但是这是南朝国运的分水岭,此前,北魏分裂,南梁是双方争取的对象,本国多年未经战争,国力应该是三国里最强的,可是却被候景之乱搅得一团糟,东西魏都趁乱打劫,特别是西魏,一举攻下江陵,掳走皇帝萧绎,夺取大片土地,从此南朝颓势,虽然后来又有南朝最英明的陈武帝出现,可惜出现的太晚,如果陈武帝早出100年,可能就是南朝统一中国了吧。
北方嘛,孝文帝不用说了,北魏的皇帝个个都还过得去,只是后来的汉化改革有点矫枉过正,失去了北方鲜卑民族固有的尚武风气,轻视北方防务,重蹈了当年汉人中原政权的覆辙,导致镇将叛乱此起彼伏,皇权偏废。西魏的宇文泰是个真正的人才,他的改革简明实用,注重实效,而且采取政策都是击中要害,比如废佛兴儒等,使西魏在险恶的环境下反而得以生存并逐渐壮大,最终孕育了空前强大的隋乃至唐。

回答3:

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