秦朝什么时候建立,什么时候灭亡,统治者是谁,最大功绩是什么,在经济方面与汉武帝有哪方面的不同
推荐回答(2个)
周朝 秦国
周赧王 秦昭襄王 秦孝文王 秦庄襄王 秦王政
姬延 嬴则 嬴柱 嬴异人 嬴政
前314—前255 前325—前251 前250 前250—前247 前247—前221
秦朝
秦始皇 秦二世 秦王子婴
嬴政 嬴胡亥 嬴子婴(傀儡)
前221—前210 前210—前206 前206
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以上为秦帝国简表。自周朝灭亡,史家以秦纪年,所以要谈秦朝,必须把那一段秦国也放进去。
秦功绩主要是秦昭襄王到秦始皇时期。如果只是说秦朝的功绩,则是秦始皇“奋六世之余烈,振长策而御宇内,吞二周而亡诸侯,履至尊而制六合,执敲扑而鞭笞天下,威振四海。南取百越之地,以为桂林、象郡;百越之君,俯首系颈,委命下吏。乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱,却匈奴七百余里;胡人不敢南下而牧马,士不敢弯弓而报怨。”(出自贾谊《过秦论(上)》)分而述之:①统一天下,建立秦朝;②修筑长城,远击匈奴;③建立帝制,改制郡县;④书同文,车同轨;⑤统一度量,统一货币。至于秦国时期(前255—前221),还有重用商鞅,实行变法一条,这是后来嬴政能统一六国的重要原因。
汉朝(西汉)经济的发展应该更多地归功于汉文帝和汉景帝,毕竟他们缔造了“文景之治”,汉武帝不过是继承了他们的衣钵。不过既然你问了汉武帝,我就跟你谈谈他吧。汉武帝统治时期,由于对外征伐不断,中央财政从此前“京师之钱累巨万,贯朽而不可校”的丰盈一变而为入不敷出的困局。“而富商大贾或蹛财役贫,转榖百数,废居居邑,封君皆低首仰给。”富商大贾富可敌国,恰与窘困的中央财政形成了鲜明对比。中央政府除了靠鬻武功爵等方式快速增加财政收入外,“冶铸煮盐,财或累万金,而不佐国家之急,黎民重困。于是天子与公卿议,更钱造币以赡用,而摧浮淫并兼之徒。”增加中央财政收入,打击大商人,此即汉武帝币制改革的初衷。故汉武帝即位后,为了中央政府在经济管理和政治统治上的需要,便十分重视解决币制问题,先后进行了六次币制改革,基本解决了汉初以来一直未能解决的币制问题。一方面稳定了金融,另一方面将地方的铸币权重新统一于中央。六次改革后,元狩五年(公元前118年)三官五铢的发行一举解决了困扰西汉金融多年的私铸、盗铸问题,汉武帝的币制改革至此取得了较大成功。(出自司马迁《史记·卷三十·平准书第八》、和讯网《西汉萌芽的金融膨胀与应对之策》)
所以秦汉的经济政策之不同主要是:秦始皇只强调“统一货币”,而未强调“货币发行者”;汉武帝则不同,他在货币统一的前提下,更注重“官方铸钱”,并把铸钱的原材料——盐铁的制造权也紧握在官方——并且是中央的手中。
秦朝在公元前221年由秦始皇建立,在此之前不能称秦朝,而是叫秦国。
秦朝的统治者依次分别是秦始皇、秦二世胡亥、秦王子婴
秦始皇作为秦帝国的开创者,最大的功绩就在于统一了全国,并在文字,度量衡,货币等方面也实现了统一,且将大一统的心理灌注在中华民族的传统当中。
在经济方面,秦朝主要是重农抑商,而汉武帝将地方的盐铁经营权、铸币权,收归中央;中央统一铸造发行五铢钱,增加了国家财政收入,实现了经济上的大一统。
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