推荐回答(2个)
随着科学技术的不断发展,有关治疗和矫正屈光不正(屈光不正包括近视、远视、散光)的方法和手段日新月异,有手术方法、有戴RGP、有戴OK镜、有戴软性隐形眼镜、有戴框架眼镜等。因为许多屈光不正的治疗方法在众多商家的参与下,使之商业化味道很浓。在商业的炒作下,顾客被铺天盖地的广告宣传迷失了方向。现今,手术方法越来越多地被年轻一族的屈光不正患者所采用,特别是有些商家只宣传其优点而淡化模糊其缺点,典型的例子是对于准分子激光手术(PRK、LASIK、PTK)治疗屈光不正的夸大宣传,在不实广告宣传的误导下,许多患者以为该项技术是万能的,完全不知道其可能产生的后遗症和危险。
例如,上海某医科大学附属医院眼科通过调查显示,好多病人单纯是为了摆脱对眼镜的依赖而选择激光手术;有的病人则是从美容的角度考虑激光手术。德高望重有权威的医学专家认为,仅仅是为了摆脱眼镜或隐形眼镜,而在正常眼睛上进行激光手术,是得不偿失的。
LASIK激光治疗屈光不正是上世纪90年代提出,是现在最常用的一种。术前必须要做眼底检查、眼压的测量、A型超声波、角膜地形图和屈光等的检查,然后进行术前表面麻醉,切开眼睛角膜的一部分,在被切开角膜瓣的下方即角膜基质层做激光切削,最后将切开的那部分角膜瓣复位,术后要点抗菌素和一些激素类药水。
那么,激光手术在治疗近视方面究竞有哪些优点和缺点呢?
激光治疗近视的优点:对于低度数和中度数屈光不正的顾客效果较理想,近视反弹率低,通过做手术可以在一段时间内暂时不需戴眼镜。
激光治疗近视目前存在的问题及弊端也是很明显的:因为此手术问世不久,目前眼科专家对其远期效果还无法统计和确定;有的患者在术后很长一段时间内要点眼药水,否则眼睛会干燥不适,有的甚至要点一辈子眼药水。此外,在手术的过程中和手术之后容易出现以下并发症:
1、角膜瓣偏离中心,角膜瓣对位不良,角膜瓣皱褶,角膜层间碎屑或血液残留;
2、激光切削偏离中心,角膜刀切穿角膜;
3、术后终生性眩光和眩目:在高度数近视较多见,看东西时有光晕;
4、欠矫或过矫:此种情况出现将要再次手术,再次手术后效果不很理想;
5、视力反弹:特别对高度近视的患者,术后几年视力开始下降;
6、最佳矫正视力下降:做手术后达不到配眼镜时所能达到的视力;
7、阅读困难,干眼症,角膜敏感性下降,疼痛;
8、不规则散光:几乎所有病人在术后有不同程度的不规则散光。
9、角膜感染,弥漫性层间角膜炎,角膜中心岛的形成:
10、角膜周边变性或瘢痕的形成,角膜中心色素沉着。
基于以上种种原因,若抛开利益的趋使,大多数医生是不愿意给近视的人做激光手术的。不管上述后遗症的发病率有百分之几,只要诸多并发症中的任何一种,落在某位做此手术患者的身上,将会是终身遗憾和不幸。因为我们的眼睛只有一双,光明是无价之宝。更危险的是,按照严格的医疗规定,一个角膜刀只能用于一只眼睛,然而,时下里一些医院或近视治疗中心,为了获得高额利润,一个角膜刀重复使用,就像经常有报道说医院的透析管重复使用一样。因此,在做此手术之前,不要单独听取某方的片面之词,一定要认真考虑,反复权衡。另一方面,此项手术费用昂贵,要花费好几千元,望广大屈光不正的患者要仔细权衡利弊,三思而后行
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