植物不同的叶子和根与它们生活的环境有什么关系

2025-02-08 16:11:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

双子叶植物的叶 通常由表皮 叶肉和叶脉组成 有的表皮上有蜡质或绒毛 是为了保护自己不受伤害 上面还有气孔 有利于蒸腾作用和呼吸作用 而且通常下表皮气孔较多 炎热的条件下 气孔通常会闭合 叶肉中通常包括栅栏组织和海绵组织 和上表皮相连的是栅栏组织 叶绿体多 有助于光合作用 下表皮是海绵组织 叶脉通常是机械组织 并且有疏导的作用 远轴面是韧皮部 通常是发达的机械组织 而且向外突起
单子叶植物 通常是等面叶 有叶鞘 包在茎上 通常有保护 和加固的作用 并具有光合和储藏的作用 通常里面还有叶舌 可防止雨水和灰尘的侵入
裸子植物的叶 通常针形或磷形 内皮层加厚 是为了防止水分蒸发 角质层发达 气孔内陷 并且有树脂道 叶肉细胞的壁内折形成了许多不规则的皱褶 是应对干旱寒冷条件的表现
水生植物 具有发达的通气组织 便于氧气的运输 机械组织不发达 通常是为了增强弹性和柔韧度 通常可以在水中摆动 不受水流的影响 叶片多分裂呈带状 而且很薄 便于光 和二氧化碳等的吸收 有的叶片会出现异性叶现象 水面上是片状 水下是条形
旱生植物 通常叶会很小 有的会变成刺 如仙人掌 有的会有发达的储水组织 某些多肉多浆植物 景天科之类的都是这样 防止水分的缺失
有些时候 植物为了适应环境 叶片会发生变态 比如 为了攀援 而形成的叶卷须 猪笼草的捕虫叶 等

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