在ATX电源中TL494各脚的作用

2025-01-23 04:47:55
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

ATX电源中,TL494其功能是检测输出直流电压,与基准电压比较,进行放大,控制振荡器的脉冲宽度,从而控制推挽开关电路以保持输出电压的稳定。

TL494是双排16脚集成电路,工作电压在7~40V。它含有由14脚输出的+5V基准电源,一个频率可调的锯齿波产生电路,振荡频率由5脚外接电容及6脚外接电阻来决定。13脚为高电平时,由 8脚及11脚输出双路反相(即推挽工作方式)的脉宽调制信号。具体TL494各脚作用见下表:

回答2:

第(1)脚为第一组误差放大器的同相输入端。由+5V输出电压经R35、VR、R13取样送入第(1)脚。第(2)脚为第一组误差放大器的反相输入端。从第(14)脚输出的5V基准电压经R14、R20分压得到约4V的电压,与第(1)脚电压进行比较。由于输+5V电压升高时第(1)脚取样电压成比例升高,当此电压超过4V时,误差放大器输出高电平,通过IC内部比较器控制输出脉宽减小,以使5V电压下降,达到稳压的目的。第(3)脚为第一误差放大器输出的引出端。外接C19、C20、C21、R11组成的频率校正网路,以防止放大器发生自激。第(4)脚为死区控制端。当IC工作在推挽状态时,其两组输出脉冲使两只推挽开关管依次导通和关断。为了避免开关管的滞事效应造成瞬间导通而击穿开关管,在脉冲的序列之间留有一定的空隙,称为死区。改变第(4)脚的电压,可改变死区时间。当第(4)脚电压大于5V基准电压时,输出脉冲关断。在0-5V,死区时间成比例增大。利用此功能,第(4)脚在维亚开关电源中作为输出过压保护。次级输出的12V电压,经R26、D7和R10分压后加到第(4)脚上,与TR3、TR4共同构成+-5V和+12V的过压保护电路。正常情况下,TR4的基极由R28接在+5V输出端,R29接在输出端,R28和R29的分压使TR4偏置电压小于0.6V,TR4截止,其集电极经R36呈现近似5V的高电平,因而使TR3导通,由12V电压接出R26与地短路,二极管D7反偏截止,因而此部分电路与第三者第(4)脚电压无关。第(4)脚电压为第(14)脚的5V基准电压经R12和R16分压的0.5V左右电压,设定末级半桥式开磁电路必要的死区时间。当电源取样系统发生故障时,+5V电压升高或-5V电压因负载短路而降低时,TR4将导通,其集电极为低电平,使TR3截止。12V电压经R26,使D7导通,第(4)脚电压被R10分压后仍为5V左右,使输出脉冲关断,电源保护,各组无输出。第(5)脚步内部振荡电路,外接定时电容C18,第(6)脚为外接定时电阻R9。此RC的值决定TL494输出脉冲的重复频率,其值为FKHZ=1.2/R欧姆.C(UF)。按图中数据,此电源的工作频率为30KHZ。第(7)脚共地端,也是供电的负极端。第(8)(11)脚为两路输出放大管的集电极。驱动放大器由R7、R8供电,其输出脉冲送入驱动脉冲变压器T2变换阻抗后驱动半桥式变换器TR1和TR2。C17使T2中点为驱动脉冲的零电位点。第(9)(10)脚为内部驱动放大管的发射极,接地。 第(12)脚为供电端,其允许输入电压可达8-40V,因此无需外部稳压器。由小型工频变压器T1输出低压交流电,经D1、D2全波整流,C23滤波得到约10V电压,向第(12)脚提供启动电压。待电源启动后,次级12电压经D8隔离后向第(12)脚供电。此时由于D1、D2整流电压低于12V,D1、D2截止,启动电压退出电路。第(13)脚为工作状态设定端。当第(13)脚为5V基准电压时,两路输出脉冲相差180旌,每路输出量大200MA的驱动电流,用于驱动推挽或半桥、桥式电路。当第(13)脚接地时,两路输出脉冲为同相位,为8-40V时,第(14)脚均输出5+-0.25V的稳定基准电压。第(15)脚为第二并联输出400MA的驱动电流,用于驱动单端式开关电路。该机为半桥式推挽电路,第(13)脚接5V基准电压。第(14)脚内部基准电压源。在IC供电组误差放大器的反向输入端,在该电源中作为过流保护取样输入。T3为串联在负载电路的“电流互感器”式电流取样电路。当负载电流增大时,T3次级电压升高,经D5、D6整流后输出负电压,再经R17、R18分压后与+5V一起R15相联,送入第(15)脚。正常负载时负电压输出较小,两反向电压相加,结果有1.5-2V电压加在反向输入端,误差放大输出低电平,对脉宽控制无作用。如果产生过载觐同载短路,T3负整流电压升高,使加在第(15)脚的电压变成负值,则误差放大器输出高电平,使脉宽受控变小。由于此组误差放大器同样式相输入端是接地的,属零电平,一旦第(15)脚电压为-0.6V以上,电路产即动作,实现输出脉冲由减小脉宽到并闭的保护过程。由于TL494第(4)(15)脚的保护功能,该电源可以开路。此时次级电压+-5V的升高受第(4)脚的控制,+5V还受到第(1)脚PWM系统的控制。电源程序可以实现短路自动保护,排除短路后又自动恢复。

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