推荐回答(5个)
按照导线材料和导线截面积、导线敷设条件三个因素决定的。
在电力工程中,导线载流量按照导线材料和导线截面积、导线敷设条件三个因素决定的。单根导线比多根并行导线可取较高的载流量;明线敷设导线比穿管敷设的导线可取较高的载流量;铜质导线可以比铝制导线取较高的载流量。
1平方铜芯线允许长期负载电流为8A—12A;1.5平方铜芯线允许长期负载电流为12A—15A;2.5平方铜芯线允许长期负载电流为16A—25A;4平方铜芯线允许长期负载电流为25A—32A;6平方铜芯线允许长期负载电流为32A—40A。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F08f790529822720e84147e3e75cb0a46f31fab18%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
扩展资料:
电压降的相关要求规定:
1、电压降落为电压,两点之间的电压为单位正电荷在电源的作用下经过这两点时所做的功,电压的单位和电动势一样为伏特。
2、经过能量吸收,电荷释放能量其本身所含的能量后变小,人们用电压降落来衡量电荷在电路中释放能量的能力大小。当电流流过电路时,将在电路的每一小段中产生一定的电压降落,电压降来表示电荷流过该小段释放(或表述成该小段电路吸收)的电能的大小。
3、电压降的参考方向用“+”“-”极性或双下标表示。电压的实际方向规定为电场力移动正电荷做功的方向,由高电位端(“+”极性)指向低电位端(“-”极性),即电位降低的方向。
参考资料来源:百度百科-导线载流量
电缆电压降的计算 :
1、导体工作温度: PVC 绝缘为 70 ℃, XLPE 绝缘为 90 ℃;
2、环境温度为 40 ℃;
3、电缆排列(以单芯电缆单排为例);
4、功率因素: cos θ = 0.8 ;
5、末端允许压降百分数≤ 5% ;
6、vd 表示电压降: Vd = KILVo(V) ;
I 表示工作电流或计算电流( A );
L 表示线路长度( m );
Vo 表示电缆每米电压降( V/A.M );
K :三相四线时 K=根号3 单相时 K=1 ;
单相时末端允许电压降: Vd=220v × 5%=11v
三相时末端允许电压降: Vd=380v × 5%=19v
Vd=660v × 5%=33v
7 、主电缆允许长度计算公式:
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F960a304e251f95ca10795557cc177f3e66095247%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
【常用电缆电压降对照表】
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fae51f3deb48f8c540fc103ce3f292df5e1fe7fc5%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
【1】考虑损失电压低于5%,50KVA=40KW 应用公式 △U%=PL/CS 铜电缆S=PL/C△U%=40X500/77X5=20000/385=52mm² 铝电缆 S=PL/C△U%=40X500/46X5=20000/230=87mm²取接近数字,铜电缆用50mm²,铝电缆用95mm²,可以正常工作。
【2】电缆:常是由几根或几组导线(每组至少两根)绞合而成的类似绳索的电缆,每组导线之间相互绝缘,并常围绕着一根中心扭成,整个外面包有高度绝缘的覆盖层。电缆具有内通电,外绝缘的特征。电缆有电力电缆、控制电缆、补偿电缆、屏蔽电缆、高温电缆、计算机电缆、信号电缆、同轴电缆、耐火电缆、船用电缆、矿用电缆、铝合金电缆等等。它们都是由单股或多股导线和绝缘层组成,用来连接电路、电器等。
这么大的距离,不应该采用400V的低压供电。应该自备变压器,改用10KV供电。
采用400V供电,如果要求电压降不超过20V,400KW1000米,就要用不小于2000平方的铝电缆或1200平方的铜电缆。造价简直就是个天文数字。就这样,线路损耗仍然高达9KW,按每天工作8小时算,一年的损耗就是26000度电,差不多2万块钱。
负载功率大,距离很远,已有架线必要。
不妨按总负荷400KW,距离1000米来大概运算。
总负荷400KW的电流:I≈800A,距离:L=1000米,初始电压400V,末端电压为360V时,线与线的电压降40V,单线电压降:U=20V,铜芯电线电阻率:ρ=0.0172
求单线电阻:
R=U/I=20/800=0.025(Ω)
求线截面:
S=ρ×L/R=0.0172×1000/0.025=688(平方)
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