推荐回答(5个)
神经内科是独立的二级学科,不属于内科概念,神经系统由脑、脊髓及周围神经组成。神经内科是研究神经系统疾病、骨骼肌疾病的临床医学,主要通过内科手段进行研究。疾病种类有脊髓、脑血管疾病,中枢神经系统感染、脱髓鞘性疾病,运动障碍疾病,癫痫,头痛,变性疾病,神经系统遗传性疾病等。神经内科主要检查手段包括头颈部MRI,CT,ECT,PETCT,脑电图、TCD(经颅多普勒超声)肌电图,诱发电位及血流变学检查等。神经内科疾病有些倾向于内科治疗,也就是以神内治疗为主,有些要神外的介入,进行综合治疗。
常见疾病
神经内科昏迷、急性呼吸衰竭、慢性进行性舞蹈病、全植物神经功能不全、桡神经麻痹、晕厥、老年痴呆、重症肌无力危象、头痛、脑肺吸虫病、脑动脉硬化症、面神经炎、麻痹性臂丛神经炎、鼾症、运动神经元疾病、格林-巴利综合征、多发性末梢神经炎、腓总神经损害多发性硬化、进行性延髓麻痹。
所有疾病
以下以首字母的第一个大写字母排序:
A阿尔茨海默病。
神经内科结构图及相关疾病B臂丛神经痛。
C痴呆综合征、Creutzfeldt-Jakob病、纯植物神经功能衰竭、丛集性头痛。
D多发性末梢神经炎、多发性硬化、癫痫、动眼、滑车及外展神经疾病、多发性神经炎、短暂性脑缺血发作。
F腓总神经损害、肺性脑病、肺隐球菌病。
G格林-巴利综合征。
H昏迷、鼾症、呼吸衰竭、红斑性肢痛症。
J急性呼吸衰竭、进行性延髓麻痹、紧张性头痛、脊髓压迫症、脊髓血管病、脊髓亚急性联合变性、僵人综合征、急性脊髓炎。
L老年痴呆、老年眩晕、雷诺综合征。
M慢性进行性舞蹈病、面神经炎、麻痹性臂丛神经炎、末梢神经炎N脑肺吸虫病、脑动脉硬化症。
P偏头痛、帕金森病。
Q全植物神经功能不全。
R桡神经麻痹。
S神经梅毒、Shy-Drager综合征、手足徐动症。
T头痛Y晕厥、运动神经元疾病、遗传性共济失调、运动神经元病。
Z重症肌无力危象、重症肌无力、周围神经病损、枕大神经痛、周期性瘫痪、周期性麻痹。
神经内科管人体神经系统(包括中枢神经系统大脑及外周神经系统脊髓等等)的疾病
主要有三大类:
1、脑血管病:如脑出血、脑梗塞、脑栓塞、蛛网膜下腔出血等等;
2、神经系统感染:如脑炎、脑膜炎、脊髓炎等等
3、癫痫
另外还有多发性硬化/重症肌无力/格林巴利综合征等等
神经内科是看面瘫、面瘫后遗症、面神经炎、眼睑痉挛、嘴歪眼斜、头痛、头晕、偏头痛、三叉神经痛、血管性神经痛、癫痫等疾病的。有这些疾病都可以到神经内科去看。
神经内科主要诊治脑血管疾病(脑梗塞、脑出血)、偏头痛、脑部炎症性疾病(脑炎、脑膜炎)、脊髓炎、癫痫、痴呆、代谢病和遗传病、三叉神经痛、坐骨神经病、周围神经病及重症肌无力等。
脑出血、脑梗死、脑炎、癫痫、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、吉兰巴雷综合症、周期性麻痹、面瘫、动眼神经麻痹、血管炎等等
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