推荐回答(5个)
食人树广义指地球上的食肉类植物(carnivorous plant),有13科20属600多种。
已知的最大肉食植物是马来王猪笼草(Nepenthes rajah),会捕食小型哺乳动物。同时食人树指不同传说中的食肉植物,其体型庞大得能够杀死甚至吞噬一个人类或其它大型动物。纵使有着各种不能肯定的有关报告记载,目前为止没有此类植物的具体存在证据,因此这种植物的存在暂时还是个谜。
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物中的确有一类食肉植物(carnivorous plant),因为它们主要捕捉昆虫,所以也叫食虫植物(insectivorous plant)。截至到2013年全世界发现的食肉植物共有13科20属600多种,绝大多数都隶属于三个食肉植物科——猪笼草科、茅膏菜科和狸藻科。
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食肉植物其实并不罕见,从热带到寒温带都有分布。在中国南方很多地方——比如广州的白云山和深圳的梧桐山——很容易就能见到茅膏菜属的多种食肉植物,在北京也一直有狸藻生长(虽然数目非常少)。由于这类植物具有这种奇异的特性,它们一向是植物科普的热门题材,也因此被很多人当成观赏花卉栽培。
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这类植物捕食的方式基本有两种:一是生有捕捉器或夹子般的叶子,叶子两半能迅速闭合,把牺牲品夹在当中。如捕蝇草(茅膏菜科,捕蝇草属),它的叶子平时分两片张开,叶上分泌有甜味的液体,一旦有昆虫类小动物碰到叶子上的毛,两片叶子立即闭合,把昆虫夹在其中, 并分泌消化液把它消化即“吃掉”。大约十天后,消化已毕,叶子重新张开,等候捕捉下一个猎物。又一类如猪笼草,瓶子草,叶子演化成瓶状,瓶口色彩鲜艳,并能分泌具有香味的蜜腺,吸引昆虫等小动物。而瓶颈又长着向下斜生的硬毛,昆虫只要爬进瓶中就无法逃出,瓶底的消化液会迅速把它消化掉。再一类,如茅膏菜(茅膏菜科,茅膏菜属),叶片有粘液腺,能分泌透明、反光的粘液,使其外表格外鲜艳多彩,以引诱昆虫。当小虫停落叶面时,即被粘液粘住,昆虫因挣扎而使全身粘满粘液,最终浆死。这些能捕食动物的植物,虽然令不少人觉得惊奇,但它们确实存在。然而,这些植物都不高大,一般只有二三十厘米,最高的也不过六七十厘米高。 它们只能捕食小动物,主要是捕食昆虫,较大的品种,偶尔也能捕食小型的蛙或壁虎等。因此人们把它们称为捕虫植物或食虫植物。至于稍大些的动物, 哪怕是小鼠,它们是根本无力捕获的。
其体型庞大得能够杀死甚至吞噬一个人类或其它大型动物。
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