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临床医学影响技术CR系统成像过程:X线机产生射线穿过人体→产生信息→在片盒里的IP板上记录→到明室。在ID station录入患者信息→到扫描器(模数转换器 ADC)扫描信息(IP板本身的信息被读取后,进入消去装置中,原信息被消除,最后又回到片盒中,以备下次再用)→由计算机自动完成信息处理→最后在主机荧光屏显示或用激光照相机在胶片让影像再现→完成成像。CR系统与普通X线照片主要不同之处在于:其影像的记录与显示不是在同一媒介上完成,而是先进行影像信息的记录(记录信息的载体称 image plate, IP板),然后通过读取装置(模数转换器 ADC)将影像信息读出后,由计算机进一步处理,再经记录装置(荧光屏或胶片)成像或储存,才完成成像过程。CR系统,作为代替普通X线胶片成像的一种新技术,具有足可与普通X线胶片相比拟的成像质量和像片所含的信息量。此外,尚有曝光射线量较少和宽容度较大的照像条件以及出示结果快、明室操作、不用冲洗从而减少劳动强度和环境污染等诸多优点,而优于传统X线胶片成像技术。另外由于CR系统使用的是数字化成像技术,可以将所得到的信息按诊断上的要求进行视觉上再处理,并为影像的长期保存和高效率的检索提供了可能性。
CR系统的成像原理复杂,可用直观的“四象限”理论进行解释。
①第一象限:曝光量___荧光之间的线性关系②第二象限:EDR处理功能曲线《读出条件》③第三象限:图像的增强处理功能曲线④第四象限:总体特性曲线
CR(Computed Radiography)计算机放射摄影。它以成像板IP(Imaging plate)为影像载体来替代传统的X线胶片,采用与常规X线摄影一致的投照技术,在X线对成像板曝光的同时记录下X线影像信息,接过信息的读取与处理后,即可获得数字化的X线影像信号。
CR的构成主要包括两大部分:成像板与信息读出装置。成像板是X线影像的接受体,准确的说它是一个影像信息的采集与信息形成的转换部件。其外观和结构形式如同X线摄影用的增感屏,是由保护层、成像层、支持层和背衬层复合而成的一块薄板。成像层中含有微量二价陏离子的氟卤化钡晶体,是记录影像的核心物资,该晶体内的化合物经过X线照射后可将接受到的X线模拟影像以潜影的形式储存在晶体内。一般来说,这种潜影信息在IP中的留存时间可达8h 以上。当需要解读潜影信息时,可用激光束扫描成像板激发储存在具体内的潜影能量,使之转换成荧光输出。
信息读出装置的作用时将成像板中储存的潜影信息解读出来。它由激光器、光扫描器、光电倍增管、放大器、A/D转换器、影像处理单元和输出接口等部分组成。在IP被装入信息读出装置入口后,激光器发出的精细激光束经过机械移动光扫描器的放射,逐行扫描在欲被解读潜影信息的IP成像板上。于激光束扫描的同时,IP不断被驱动系统向前推进,于是在既定时间内激光束可将IP完整扫描一遍。激光所照射之处,IP上的晶体被强光激发,长生“光致发光”现象,有蓝色荧光出现,荧光亮度的强弱与该点潜影信息密度为线形关系。该荧光被沿着激光扫描线设置的高效光导器采集,并导入光电倍增管,由此转化为相对应的电信号。在送入电路系统经过A/D(模拟/数字)信号变换,即可被用于数字图像处理,输出给影像显示、储存或传输通讯系统。
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