好氧生物膜怎样培养？培养所需营养物质及培养条件有哪些？
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推荐回答（1个）
好氧生物膜的培养
自然挂膜法：自然菌种
�8�7 活性污泥挂膜法：活性污泥作菌种
�8�7 优势菌种挂膜法：筛选高效菌或基因工程构建超级菌
挂膜过程使用的方法一般有直接挂膜法和间接挂膜法两种.在各种形式的生物膜处理设施中,生物接触氧化池和塔式生物滤池由于具有曝气系统,而且填料量和填料空隙均较大,可以使用直接挂膜法;而普通生物滤池和生物转盘等设施需要使用间接挂膜法.
1、直接挂膜法 该方法是在合适的水温、溶解氧等环境条件及合适的pH、BOD5、C/N等水质条件下,让处理系统连续进水正常运行.对于生活污水、城市污水或混有较大比例生活污水的工业废水可以采用直接挂膜法,一般经过7～10d就可以完成挂膜过程.
2、间接挂膜法 对于不易降解的工业废水,尤其是使用普通生物滤池和生物转盘等设施处理时,为了保证挂膜的顺利运行,可以通过预先培养和驯化相应的活性污泥,然后再投加到生物膜处理系统中,进行挂膜,也就是分布挂膜.通常的做法是先将生活污水或其与工业废水的混合污水培养出活性污泥,然后将该污泥或其它类似污水处理厂的污泥与工业废水一起放入一个循环池内,再用泵投入生物膜法处理设施中,出水和沉淀污泥均回流到循环池.循环运行形成生物膜后,通水运行,并加入要处理的工业废水.可先投配20%的工业废水,经分析进出水的水质,生物膜具有一定处理效果后,再逐步加大工业废水的比例,直到全部都是工业废水为止.也可以用掺有少量(20%)工业废水的生活污水直接培养生物膜,挂膜成功后再逐步加大工业废水的比例,直到全部都是工业废水为止.培养和驯化生物膜过程中需要注意以下事项: 1、开始挂膜时,进水流量应小于设计值,可按设计流量的20%～40%起动运转.在外观可见已有生物膜生成时,流量可提高至60%～80%,待出水效果达到设计要求时,即可提高流量至设计标准. 2、在生物转盘法中,用于硝化的转盘,挂膜时间要增加2～3周,并注意进水BOD应低于30mg/L,因自养性硝化细菌世代时间长,繁殖生长慢,若进水有机物过高,可使膜中异养细菌占优势,从而抑制了自养菌的生长. 3、当水中出现亚硝酸盐时,表明生物膜上硝化作用进程已开始;当出水中亚硝酸下降,并出现大量硝酸盐时,表明硝化菌在生物膜上已占优势,挂膜工作宣告结束. 4、挂膜所需的环境条件与活性污泥培菌时相同,要求进水具有合适的营养、温度、pH等,尤其是氮磷等营养元素的数量必须充足,同时避免毒物的大量进入. 5、因初期膜量较少,反应器内充氧量可稍少.使溶解氧不致过高;同时采用小负荷进水的方式,减少对生物膜的冲刷作用,增加填料或填料的挂膜速度. 6、在冬季13℃时挂膜,整个周期比温暖季节延长2～3倍. 7、在生物膜培养挂膜期间,由于刚刚长成的生物膜适应能力较差,往往会出现膜状污泥大量脱落的现象,这可以说是正常的,尤其是采用工业废水进行驯化时,脱膜现象会更严重. 8、要注意控制生物膜的厚度,保持在2mm左右,不使厌氧层过分增长,通过调整水力负荷(改变回流水量) 等形式使生物膜脱落均衡进行.同时随时进行镜检,观察生物膜生物相的变化情况,注意特征微生物的种类和数量变化情况.
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