推荐回答(1个)
我国哪个民族服饰最好看?我想很多人会说汉族,而汉族之后当属苗族,头顶银冠、颈挂项圈、身上各般银饰的苗族少女最是可人,而手握钢叉对抗外敌入侵的苗族男人最是彪悍,除此之外,还有他们的巫卜、苗药,神秘莫测,历来流传着千般神秘的传说。
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如今我国苗族人口超过100万,广泛分布于两湖两广云贵川等地,东南亚与美法英也有不少苗裔。
历史上苗族是一个苦难的民族,也是一个强悍的民族。
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神秘强悍的民族,战神蚩尤的后人,一败再败为了生存5次大迁徙苗族
为了避免战火与民族传承,有过5次大规模迁徙。
①苗族的第一次迁徙:几万年前的原始先民时代
。
原因:远古羌人南下,挤压苗族先人生存空间
几万年前,远古羌人南下,与苗族先人爆发战争,苗族先人战败,从长江上中流域地带沿着长江向东迁徙到了中游的南北两岸,分布在洞庭湖、江汉平原一带,因祸得福,苗族发展壮大。
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②苗族的第二次迁徙:4000多年前的远古时代
原因:蚩尤战败被杀,苗族先人向北逃亡
苗族先人在长江中游南北岸繁衍几万年,实力强悍,统一了周边部落,号称九黎。在酋长蚩尤时期,为了争夺肥沃的中原地带九黎部落与炎黄部落大战,蚩尤被杀,九黎战败,少部分苗族先人融入了炎黄部落,大部分不愿意屈服的则向北迁徙。
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③苗族的第三次迁徙:黄帝到唐尧时代
原因:涿鹿之战结束很久,苗族先人回归
苗族先人北迁后发现北方物产没有南方丰饶,是以涿鹿之战两百多年后他们又长途跋涉回到南方,在故地建立了三苗部落联盟,这一时期苗族先人再一次强大起来。
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④苗族的第四次迁徙:虞舜到夏禹时期
原因:三庙部落与与炎黄部落再次冲突
三苗部落联盟在洞庭湖与江汉平原再次强大,领地逐渐拓张,严重威胁到了以尧舜禹为首的华夏部落,双方再次爆发战争。苗族先人再次战败,三苗部落联盟分别被流放到幽州、崇山、三危,就此被分化衰微。
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⑤苗族的第五次迁徙:周朝到宋朝,跨度两千年
原因:被流放的三苗为了民族存续而战
三苗部落联盟虽被分开流放,但并没有就此消亡,反而历经无数战斗,屡战屡败,屡败屡战,在衰微与兴盛间不断转换。为了存续,每一次战败他们就不得不迁徙离开华夏统治区,但从未屈服,一旦强大就卷土重来。其中流放至三危的那一支苗族在宋朝时期迁徙进入川南、滇东北、黔西,流放至崇山的那一支苗族则迁徙进入湘西、黔东北、川东南和鄂西南一带,更有一部分苗族先人远渡重洋去了日本。
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宋代之后,元明时期的土官制度使得汉、苗两族矛盾大大减少,总体上保持了和平,苗人再无大规模迁徙。直到乾隆时期苗人反抗改土归流,造反杀官遭到清政府镇压,部分苗人从国内迁徙到国外,以老挝、美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国最多,如今在美国就有20多万苗人。
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苗族有自身强烈的民族特征
1983年我国确认了55个少数民族,苗族是其中的佼佼者,具备独特的民族特征。
①
苗族有自己的语言和文字:苗语属于汉藏语系、苗瑶语族、苗语支,如今的湘西深山部分苗族仍以苗语交流;根据《苗族古歌》记载,苗族在多次迁徙逃亡中为了保护自己焚烧了文字流传,随着精通苗文的人去世,苗族文字也失传了,但其真实存在过。
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②
苗族有自己的服饰:苗族服装由织、绣、挑、染传统工艺技法制成,图案有浓厚的生活气息、历史元素;苗族喜欢银饰,银帽、银帕、银簪、银针、银顶花、银网链、银花梳、银耳环等琳琅满目,在苗族节日上,穿着民族服饰的苗族女孩会让人看得眼花缭乱。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F30adcbef76094b367607a593b3cc7cd98d109d33%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
③
苗族有自己的特有习俗:苗族住吊脚楼,饮食、婚丧、节日习俗具有自身的特色,区分性强。比如三月三是男女青年恋爱日,六月六要祭拜土地神等。
④
苗族有自己的生活地域:如上文所述,苗族主要居住在我国西南部地区和东南亚几个国家。
⑤
苗族有自己的宗教信仰:苗族膜拜的是自己的先祖蚩尤,这种先祖崇拜至今祭奠仪式还非常隆重;此外,苗族还有自然崇拜、图腾崇拜、鬼神崇拜等原始宗教形式,有神秘的巫术、盅虫、苗药。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F2fdda3cc7cd98d10de41b24f313fb80e7bec9033%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
格迪斯在《山地民族》中说苗族和犹太族一样,同样多灾多难,同样顽强不屈。如今战争不再,苗族的苦难结束,但他们不屈的历史却没有被遗忘,这是一个彪悍的民族,是一个令人敬畏的民族。
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