王昭君在汉朝哪位皇帝在位时期与匈奴和亲的?她的和亲与汉初的和亲有什么异同点?

2025-02-15 13:19:31
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

汉元帝时期,匈奴呼韩邪单于阏氏。
在秦汉之际,随着社会经济的发展,原先在蒙古高原过着游牧生活的匈奴族已经建立了一个强大的奴隶制军事政权。匈奴的杰出首领冒顿单于乘楚汉相争之机,东破东胡,西攻月氏,北征丁零、坚昆等部,南灭楼烦、白羊,重新占领了河套地区,第一次统一了蒙古草原,建立起强大的国家。它拥有骑兵三十余万,势力十分强大。他们经常侵扰西汉的北边地区。公元前二0一年,冒顿单于发兵围攻马邑,韩王信投降,次年又攻打晋阳。汉高祖闻讯,亲率三十万大军迎战,结果被匈奴军队围困于平城北登山达七天七夜,和主力部队完全断绝了联系。后来谋士陈平献计,向单于阏氏行贿,才得以脱险,这便是所谓“平城之围”。
汉初,由于战争的破坏,经济亟待恢复,政权尚未巩固,无力与匈奴作战。汉高祖只好采纳娄敬的“和亲”建议,把皇室公主嫁给匈奴的单于,并且每年送去大量的丝绸、粮食、酒肉等,以缓和匈奴的侵扰。此后七八十年间,西汉统治者对匈奴都采取“和亲”的政策。但是,“和亲”的政策并不能阻止匈奴的掠夺。公元前一六六年,匈奴老上单于率骑兵十四万大举入侵,汉政府惊慌失措,忙调十万大军保卫长安。过了八年,匈奴又从云中、上郡两郡各侵入三万骑兵,长安城警报频传,西汉政府又陷入极度的恐慌之中。到了景帝时,匈奴骑兵仍不断侵扰。
汉武帝即位时,西汉王朝经过六十多年的休养生息,经济繁荣,国力强盛,反击匈奴的条件已经成熟。公元前一三三年匈奴再次侵扰,汉武帝采纳王恢的建议,对匈奴进行反击。其战略意图是诱敌深入,乘机歼灭,从而揭开了西汉对匈奴的大规模战争的序幕。汉武帝时期,反击匈奴的战争主要在公元前一三三年至公元前一一九年间进行,先后打了十几仗,其中带决定性的大规模战役有三次,特别是公元前一一九年,汉武帝派卫青、霍去病出击匈奴,在漠北大败匈奴,取得了漠北战役的辉煌胜利,匈奴再也无力与西汉对抗。
随着匈奴贵族军事力量的削弱,匈奴族人民和其他被奴役的各族人民反抗匈奴贵族的斗争也日益强烈,许多被奴役的少数民族,纷纷脱离匈奴贵族的统治。在此情况下,匈奴贵族集团发生了内讧。昭帝时,发生了五单于争立事件,很快匈奴分裂为南北两部。公元前五一年南匈奴呼韩邪单于降汉,北匈奴被迫西迁。呼韩邪单于在汉朝的帮助下,重新统一了匈奴。汉元帝时,呼韩邪单于入朝请求和亲,宫女王昭君自请前往,汉元帝把她嫁给了呼韩邪单于。此后,边境安定了较长的一段时间。呼韩邪单于和王昭君,为汉匈的友好相处和文化交流做出了重大贡献。因此,现代史学家翦伯赞也曾写诗赞道:‘‘汉武雄图载史篇,长城万里遍烽烟。何如一曲琵琶好,鸣镝无声五十年。
综上所述,西汉初期统治者实行的“和亲”政策,是在匈强汉弱的形势下,被迫实行的妥协退让的政策,就是把皇室女子作为公主远嫁给单于为妻。汉朝每年还要送给匈奴大量的物品,并开放边境市场。就是这样,匈奴仍年年挥师南下,严重威胁黄河流域人民的生产和生活。而汉元帝时的王昭君出塞,不是屈辱的纳贡求和,而是平等互利的结合,它带来的不再是血雨腥风,而是和平友好的融合。

回答2:

公元前1世纪中期,汉元帝时期。汉初是因为国弱而退让和亲,而昭君出塞是国家强大了由呼韩邪单于主动要求为加强汉匈友好相处和文化交流而和亲。

回答3:

汉元帝,相同点就是汉朝这两个阶段都挺弱的,不同的是,此时匈奴实力也不是很强

回答4:

汉元帝刘奭

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