晋楚争霸的介绍

2025-02-13 13:05:47
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

晋楚争霸:
晋国是周成王的弟弟虞的封国,初封于唐,后因境内有晋水改成为晋。晋国地处山西汾水流域与戎狄杂处,到了晋献公时候,消除了一批同姓宗族,重用军功的异姓卿大夫,加强了公室的权力。随后晋国不断的开疆拓土,战胜了北狄、骊戎,消灭了一些临近的国家,领地发展到了黄河西岸和南岸,成为占据韶山和函谷关天险的北方大国。
此后,晋国开始了内部争权夺利的斗争,流亡在外19年的公子重耳回国以后继承王位,史称晋文公。晋文公即位以后,重用狐偃、赵衰等人,推行免债轻赋、救济贫困、发展农商事业的经济举措;明贤良、赏功德的用人政策;并且扩充军事编制,由原来的二军增加到三军、五军。结束了多年以来动荡的晋国政治,从而为创造霸业提供了条件。
就在晋文公为霸业图谋的时候,时机已经来到。就在他即位的同一年,周襄王被他的弟弟太叔勾结外人赶跑,流落在外。晋文公抓住了这个机会,约会诸侯,用武力平定了太叔带来的叛乱,恢复了周襄王的地位,搏得了尊王攘夷的美名。
与此同时,南方楚国也不断北犯,中原诸国纷纷归附于楚。晋文公以尊王攘夷的名义图谋南下与楚争霸。在公元前632年,楚国联合陈国、蔡国等出兵伐宋,宋国向晋国求救,晋文公率领军队救援宋国。
晋军为了避开楚军的北进锋芒,在没有开战之前,主动退避三舍至城濮。晋文公采取的是诱敌深入袭,击敌军薄弱部分、各个击破的战略战术,以少胜多,取得了这次决战的胜利。城濮之战是关系着中原全局的战争,他使楚国向北发展的兵力第一次受到了沉重的打击,中原小国纷纷摆脱了楚国的控制,归附了晋国。
战争结束后,晋文公在践土大会诸侯,始称践土之盟,并且向周襄王举行了贡献楚国俘虏的礼仪,周襄王正式册封晋文公为霸主。盟约规定各盟国应该共同辅佐周王室,不能够相互侵害,这场盟会确立了晋文公的霸主地位。
这年冬天,晋文公又召集了齐国、秦国、宋国、鲁国、郑国、陈国等国的诸侯在今天河南温县会盟,周襄王被召赴会,晋国的霸主地位更加的巩固了。此后80年的时间里,晋国与楚国的斗争成为大国争霸的主要内容。

回答2:

公元前636年(周襄王十六年),流亡在外19年的重耳,回到了晋国。在秦国的援助下,62岁的重耳当了晋国国君,就是晋文公。晋文公即位后,赏赐随从他流亡的臣属,功大的封邑,功小的尊爵。晋文公信用功臣,改革内政,实行免债薄赋,救贫济弱,减轻关税,便利交通,促进商业,宽恤农业等发展生产的政策;坚持举用贤能,论功行赏的用人政策;扩充加强军队。全国建立上、中、下三军,各军设将佐二人,中军将位最尊,指挥全军,称为中军元帅(后世元帅、将军之名始于此)。这些改革使晋国财富充裕,国力强盛,为争霸奠定了基础。晋楚争霸主要三次大战:前632年城濮之战晋胜,前597年邲之战楚胜,前575年鄢陵之战晋胜。1鄢陵之战时俘获了楚王子公子茷,楚共王也被射瞎一只眼睛。前557年晋国在湛阪之战再次击败楚国。1弭兵之会(前546年)后,晋楚大体平分霸权,晋国总体上占优势。前627年崤之战后,秦国立即释放所俘楚将,与楚国结盟对抗晋国。1此后晋国在北阻狄南侵,在西阻秦东进,同时南下压制楚国。23晋悼公时,晋国开始实施大战略计划,鄢陵之战后晋悼公三驾疲楚,楚国最终无力应战;前575年鄢陵之战后,晋国为了继续打击楚国,扶助南方新兴的吴国来抗衡。4前563年春,晋、吴国君首次接洽,从“北—东北—东”三方形成对楚国的包围网,给予楚国以极大的震撼与威胁。1前506年,吴楚决战楚军大败,吴军攻占了楚国都城郢(详见吴破楚入郢之战等)。晋国的大战略计划成功实施,亦为晋楚争霸的余波所致。

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