推荐回答(5个)
指具有机翼和一具或多具发动机,靠自身动力能在大气中飞行的重于空气的航空器。
飞机具有两个最基本的特征:其一是它自身的密度比空气大,并且它是由动力驱动前进;其二是飞机有固定的机翼,机翼提供升力使飞机翱翔于天空。不具备以上特征者不能称之为飞机,这两条缺一不可。譬如:一个飞行器它的密度小于空气,那它就是气球或飞艇;如果没有动力装置、只能在空中滑翔,则被称为滑翔机;飞行器的机翼如果不固定,靠机翼旋转产生升力,就是直升机或旋翼机。因此飞机的精确定义就是:飞机是有动力驱动的有固定机翼的而且重于空气的航空器。
为了使读者头脑中对飞机有更明确的认识,我在这里澄清几个容易混淆的名词。在有些报刊上可见到“固定翼航空器”、
“固定翼飞机”等说法,实际上所指的都是飞机。但是这些名词都不是准确的说法。因为“固定翼航空器”包括飞机和滑翔机,而“固定翼飞机”则是一个重复的称呼,因为“飞机”就已经包含了固定翼的内容。更常听到很多人说“直升飞机”,这也很不妥当,因为直升机是使用旋翼提供升力的,它和飞机属于完全不同的航空器类型。
飞
行
原
理
简
介
飞机的每次飞行,不论飞什么课目,也不论飞多高、飞多久,总是以起飞开始以着陆结束。
起飞和着陆是每次飞行中的两个重要环节。所以,我们首先需要掌握好起飞和着陆的技术。
一.
滑行
飞机不超过规定的速度,在地面所作的直线或曲线运动叫滑行。
对滑行的基本要求是:飞机平稳地开始滑行,滑行中保持好速度和方向,并使飞机能停止在预定的位置。飞机从静止开始移动,拉力或推力必须大于最大静摩擦力,故飞机开始滑行时应适
当加大油门。飞机开始移动后,摩擦力减小,则应酌量减小油门,以防加速太快,保持起滑平稳。
滑行中,如果要增大滑行速度,应柔和加大油门,使拉力或推力大于摩擦力,产生加速度,使速度增大,要减小滑行速度,则应收小油门,必要时,可使用刹车。
二.
起飞
飞机从开始滑跑到离开地面,并升到一定高度的运动过程,叫做起飞。
飞机起飞的操纵原理
飞机从地面滑跑到离地升空,是由于升力不断增大,直到大于飞机重力的结果。而
只有当飞机速度增大到一定时,才可能产生足以支持飞机重力的升力。可见飞机的起飞
是一个速度不断增加的加速过程。
;
剩余拉力较小的活塞式螺旋桨飞机的起飞过程,一般可分为起飞滑跑、离地、小
角度上升(或一段平飞)、上升四个阶段。
对有足够剩余拉力的螺旋桨飞机,或有足够剩余推力的喷气式飞机,因可使飞机加
速并上升,故起飞一般只分三个阶段,即起滑跑、离地和上升。
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