如何提高中学物理实验的效果

2025-02-15 13:08:15
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

如何提高初中物理课堂教学效果,这是许多教育工作者都在关心和研究的问题,那么如何提高呢?我谈谈我的一点拙见.
一、教师要精心备课
一备教材.教师要反复阅读教学大纲和物理教科书,深刻理解大纲的总体教学内容和目标,真正掌握中学物理教学的总体要求;把握好每一节课的教学内容、教学目标、教学重点、教学难点及教学关键,知道本内容在整个教材中的地位及作用.二备学生.要摸清学生的知识水平、情感因素及个性特点等等.三备教法.要选择大多数学生乐于且能接受的教学手段和方法.
二、教师尽可能优化教学流程.教师通常要提前三分钟进课堂,让学生从心理,学习用品等各方面做好上课的一切准备,(包括拿出书、笔等),再准时上课,而不应该提前上课.上课时,新课的引入要尽可能具有强烈的吸引力,例如魔术,游戏等引入新课;知识的传授要符合学生的认知规律,由感性认识到理性认识,由浅入深.如讲授“电阻”时,在教师的引导下,让学生仔细观察实验现象,发现并提出问题,让学生分析和解决问题,有浅入深,最后得出影响电阻大小的因素是什么,先学后教,当堂反馈;课堂45分钟的教学实时有度,注重精讲,以致少讲,学生多练,且记一点:必须按时下课,不要拖堂.课后让学生反思本节收获,教师更应该反思,及时改进并提高教学效果.
三、突出学生的主体作用.最大限度地调动全体学生的积极性和主动性,让所有的学生在课堂上都处于积极的活动状态.教师不断地提出问题,让学生随时准备回答,让学生都能尝试体验学习成功时的快乐,当然教师提问要有针对性,比如,难度较大的问题可以找基础好的学生解决,较为简单的问题可以找基础差的学生,避免冷落差生,充分让学生自主学习,尽可能控制教师课堂的占用时间,最大限度地把课堂时间还给学生,及时培养学生的各种能力,如,观察能力、分析问题的能力、语言表达能力和动手能力,等等,特别是培养学生的创新思维能力.磨练学生的意志,增强学生的自尊心和自信心,使他们觉得自己能行,自己一定行.
四、加强实验教学.多做和做好演示实验.适当增加分组实验.如把有的演示实验改为分组实验,让学生在充分动手,动脑,培养自己的多种素质.鼓励学生多做课外小实验、小制作,使学生的动手能力增强.
五、应用多媒体.如应用投影、录音、电视、录像、微机等现代化教学设备,增加课堂容量,让学生如身临其境,从而改善课堂教学效果.
六、精心设计作业.作业质量一定要高,在深度、广度、梯度、难度上要恰到好处,注意作业的难度不能太大,杜绝偏、怪题,形式要多样化,也可以准备一些选作题.课堂上指导,纠错及时、批改学生作业要有心,做对的同学注意褒扬,肯定学生正确的解题方法,更要表扬学生能够正确完成作业的品格,做错的既要正确指出学生出现的问题,又要尊重和爱护学生,不能伤学生的自尊心.适时安排好课堂检查,最好一周一结.
七、树立教师威信
1、教师在学生中只要有威信,教师要求学生做的事情,学生才能够很乐意去完成.教师在学生中更不能唯我独尊,要多征求学生的意见和建议.
可以通过实际问题体现的知识要多举身边的例子,现象,应用,不能举例就打比喻,多举身边的例子可以帮助学生更好记忆和理解知识点的,因为生活才是最亲近学生的,讲话一定要风趣一点,太闷了就会使学生越学越死板,物理最忌就是死板,思维不开阔是学不好的!

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